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<p>Comprehensive studies of potentially toxic elements in the sediments of marine oil–gas fields remain limited, hindering a full understanding of their environmental risks and sources. This study conducted an integrated investigation into the concentrations, chemical speciation, ecological risks, and sources of Zn, Pb, Ni, As, Cu, and Cd in surface sediments of the Bohai Sea oil–gas fields during 2019–2020. The results indicated an overall decrease in total concentrations by 2020. Critically, while the geo-accumulation index indicated only localized Cd pollution, BCR sequential extraction revealed its exceptionally high acid-soluble fraction (46.52%), signifying extreme bioavailability. The risk assessment code confirmed Cd as the highest-risk element. Principal component analysis identified three potential sources: petroleum-related activities (Cu, Ni, Zn), equipment corrosion (Cd, Pb), and an independent source (As). This grouping was strongly supported by the cluster patterns obtained from HCA. This work provides critical insights for ecological risk assessment and pollution source management in oil–gas fields, offering an important case for understanding elemental behavior in such industrial marine environments.</p>

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Distribution, Chemical Speciation, and Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements in Surface Sediments of the Bohai Sea Oil–Gas Fields

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月14日

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  • Jiaqing Li,
  • Wenchao Yang,
  • Zhaowei Wang,
  • Weiqi Liu,
  • Hongliang Jia,
  • Zaijin You

摘要

Comprehensive studies of potentially toxic elements in the sediments of marine oil–gas fields remain limited, hindering a full understanding of their environmental risks and sources. This study conducted an integrated investigation into the concentrations, chemical speciation, ecological risks, and sources of Zn, Pb, Ni, As, Cu, and Cd in surface sediments of the Bohai Sea oil–gas fields during 2019–2020. The results indicated an overall decrease in total concentrations by 2020. Critically, while the geo-accumulation index indicated only localized Cd pollution, BCR sequential extraction revealed its exceptionally high acid-soluble fraction (46.52%), signifying extreme bioavailability. The risk assessment code confirmed Cd as the highest-risk element. Principal component analysis identified three potential sources: petroleum-related activities (Cu, Ni, Zn), equipment corrosion (Cd, Pb), and an independent source (As). This grouping was strongly supported by the cluster patterns obtained from HCA. This work provides critical insights for ecological risk assessment and pollution source management in oil–gas fields, offering an important case for understanding elemental behavior in such industrial marine environments.