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<p>This study aims to examine the anatomical responses of <i>Cenchrus ciliaris</i> L., which grows along roadsides. <i>C. ciliaris</i> is a perennial grass of the Poaceae family found in Africa and Asia, and can be used as a fodder crop. It was hypothesized that <i>C. ciliaris</i> develops particular structural changes that offer higher vehicular pollution tolerance along the roadside. Three different zones (S1 = Non-polluted site, S2 = Low-polluted site, S3 = Highly polluted site) were selected for sampling, and line transect approaches were utilized for field data collection. <i>C. ciliaris</i> showed significant (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) anatomical modifications in the root at S3, increased sclerification (1.32 ± 0.005&#xa0;µm) and pith thickness (1.82 ± 0.005&#xa0;µm). The stem from S3 plants showed an increased vascular bundle by 39.28%, cortex cell area by 33.3%, and pith cell area by 50% compared to S1 plants population. Leaf observed an increased metaxylem area by 34.81% and sclerenchyma thickness by 50% compared to the control group. Morphological parameters declined with the rise in pollution concentration, with an increase in root length observed at S3, indicating a strong association with the pollution gradient according to PCA. The present study revealed that morpho-anatomical alterations cause limit water loss in dry locations and store water during stressful circumstances. These adaptations of <i>C. ciliaris</i> showed its flexibility for pollutant absorption and resistance in contrast to vehicular&#xa0;emissions.</p>

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Unveiling Morpho-Anatomical Strategies of Cenchrus Ciliaris L. for Survival under Vehicular Pollution Stress

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月13日

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  • Hafiz Muhammad Mohsin Hassan,
  • Muhammad Akram,
  • Imran Haider,
  • Muhammad Altaf Nazir,
  • Lamy Hamed,
  • Abdullateef Al-Saeed,
  • ElSayed A. Badr,
  • Ahmed Ismail

摘要

This study aims to examine the anatomical responses of Cenchrus ciliaris L., which grows along roadsides. C. ciliaris is a perennial grass of the Poaceae family found in Africa and Asia, and can be used as a fodder crop. It was hypothesized that C. ciliaris develops particular structural changes that offer higher vehicular pollution tolerance along the roadside. Three different zones (S1 = Non-polluted site, S2 = Low-polluted site, S3 = Highly polluted site) were selected for sampling, and line transect approaches were utilized for field data collection. C. ciliaris showed significant (p < 0.05) anatomical modifications in the root at S3, increased sclerification (1.32 ± 0.005 µm) and pith thickness (1.82 ± 0.005 µm). The stem from S3 plants showed an increased vascular bundle by 39.28%, cortex cell area by 33.3%, and pith cell area by 50% compared to S1 plants population. Leaf observed an increased metaxylem area by 34.81% and sclerenchyma thickness by 50% compared to the control group. Morphological parameters declined with the rise in pollution concentration, with an increase in root length observed at S3, indicating a strong association with the pollution gradient according to PCA. The present study revealed that morpho-anatomical alterations cause limit water loss in dry locations and store water during stressful circumstances. These adaptations of C. ciliaris showed its flexibility for pollutant absorption and resistance in contrast to vehicular emissions.