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<p>The present study focused on investigating the individual and combined effects of polystyrene microplastics (MPs) with the heavy metal chromium (Cr) on the brine shrimp <i>Artemia franciscana</i>. The second instars of <i>A. franciscana</i> were exposed to fluorescently labeled polystyrene MPs (size 2&#xa0;μm) at 0 (control), 1.1 × 10<sup>6</sup><sub>,</sub> 3.4 × 10<sup>6</sup>, and 5.8 × 10<sup>6</sup> particles /L with and without Cr for 2&#xa0;h to confirm the ingestion of MPs. Furthermore, <i>A. franciscana</i> was exposed to the same concentrations (0, 1.1 × 10<sup>6</sup>, 3.4 × 10<sup>6</sup>, and 5.8 × 10<sup>6</sup> particles/ L) of non-labeled polystyrene MPs individually and combined with Cr at 0.46&#xa0;mg/L for 21&#xa0;days. Survival, growth, biochemical constituents, metabolic enzymes, antioxidants, lipid peroxidation, and Cr accumulation were evaluated during the 7th, 14th, and 21st days of exposure. The ingestion assay showed concentration-dependent ingestion of MPs by <i>Artemia</i> in both MPs alone and MPs with Cr exposure. Meanwhile, the toxicity study reveals a significant decrease in survival, growth, protein, carbohydrate, amino acid, and lipid levels in <i>Artemia</i> with significant increases in metabolic enzymes (glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvate transaminase), antioxidants (superoxide dismutase and catalase) and lipid peroxidation exposed to both MPs and MPs with Cr compared to respective control and control with Cr (Cr alone) treatments, which shows biological and physiological impairment of <i>Artemia</i>. In addition, all MPs with Cr treatments produced a significantly greater impact on the studied parameters with increased Cr bioaccumulation, which suggests the synergistic toxicity of these MPs and Cr combination on <i>Artemia.</i></p>

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Individual and Combined Toxicity of Polystyrene Microplastics and Chromium in Artemia franciscana: Impacts on Survival, Growth, Biochemical and Physiological Responses

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月25日

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  • Velusamy Gayathri,
  • Kannan Mohan,
  • Subramanian Radhakrishnan,
  • Perumal Santhanam,
  • Balu Alagar Venmathi Maran,
  • Thirunavukkarasu Muralisankar

摘要

The present study focused on investigating the individual and combined effects of polystyrene microplastics (MPs) with the heavy metal chromium (Cr) on the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana. The second instars of A. franciscana were exposed to fluorescently labeled polystyrene MPs (size 2 μm) at 0 (control), 1.1 × 106, 3.4 × 106, and 5.8 × 106 particles /L with and without Cr for 2 h to confirm the ingestion of MPs. Furthermore, A. franciscana was exposed to the same concentrations (0, 1.1 × 106, 3.4 × 106, and 5.8 × 106 particles/ L) of non-labeled polystyrene MPs individually and combined with Cr at 0.46 mg/L for 21 days. Survival, growth, biochemical constituents, metabolic enzymes, antioxidants, lipid peroxidation, and Cr accumulation were evaluated during the 7th, 14th, and 21st days of exposure. The ingestion assay showed concentration-dependent ingestion of MPs by Artemia in both MPs alone and MPs with Cr exposure. Meanwhile, the toxicity study reveals a significant decrease in survival, growth, protein, carbohydrate, amino acid, and lipid levels in Artemia with significant increases in metabolic enzymes (glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvate transaminase), antioxidants (superoxide dismutase and catalase) and lipid peroxidation exposed to both MPs and MPs with Cr compared to respective control and control with Cr (Cr alone) treatments, which shows biological and physiological impairment of Artemia. In addition, all MPs with Cr treatments produced a significantly greater impact on the studied parameters with increased Cr bioaccumulation, which suggests the synergistic toxicity of these MPs and Cr combination on Artemia.