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<p>This study investigated a combined remediation method for total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) contaminated soil using hollow nanoscale zero-valent iron (h-nZVI) coupled with electrokinetically activated persulfate (h-nZVI-EK/PS). Key parameters such as electric current, electro-osmotic flow (EOF), pH, EC and persulfate (PS) residual were analyzed and compared between the h-nZVI system and a ordinary nZVI system. The effects and differences of PS dosage and nZVI dosage on TPH remediation were explored. Experimental results demonstrated that under the optimal reaction conditions (PS = 170&#xa0;mmol, nZVI = 17&#xa0;mmol), the h-nZVI system achieved a 22.52% higher TPH removal efficiency compared to the ordinary nZVI system. The h-nZVI/EK/PS system exhibited superior anti-clogging performance and operational stability in remediating low-permeability TPH contaminated soil, leading to reduced consumption of both nZVI and PS. Furthermore, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was employed to analyze the potential degradation mechanisms and pathways of petroleum hydrocarbons within the h-nZVI-EK/PS system.</p>

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Remediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soils by Hollow nZVI Coupled with Electrokinetic Activation of Persulfate: Performance and Mechanism

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月7日

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  • Yong-Tao Li,
  • Yu Tang,
  • Jian-Ying Xiao,
  • Ao Yang,
  • Qian Chen,
  • Bing Wang,
  • Xi Li

摘要

This study investigated a combined remediation method for total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) contaminated soil using hollow nanoscale zero-valent iron (h-nZVI) coupled with electrokinetically activated persulfate (h-nZVI-EK/PS). Key parameters such as electric current, electro-osmotic flow (EOF), pH, EC and persulfate (PS) residual were analyzed and compared between the h-nZVI system and a ordinary nZVI system. The effects and differences of PS dosage and nZVI dosage on TPH remediation were explored. Experimental results demonstrated that under the optimal reaction conditions (PS = 170 mmol, nZVI = 17 mmol), the h-nZVI system achieved a 22.52% higher TPH removal efficiency compared to the ordinary nZVI system. The h-nZVI/EK/PS system exhibited superior anti-clogging performance and operational stability in remediating low-permeability TPH contaminated soil, leading to reduced consumption of both nZVI and PS. Furthermore, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was employed to analyze the potential degradation mechanisms and pathways of petroleum hydrocarbons within the h-nZVI-EK/PS system.