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<p>Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) represent a major environmental and public health concern due to their toxicity and persistence. Biological treatment technologies, such as biofilters and biotrickling filters, achieve VOC degradation through microbial activity, where the operational performance critically depends on the physicochemical properties of the filler material. Biochar-based fillers, distinguished by high specific surface area, hierarchical pore structures, and abundant surface functional groups, provide enhanced adsorption sites, facilitate microbial colonization, and accelerate biofilm formation, thereby improving VOC removal efficiency, system stability, and mass transfer rates. This review summarises recent progress in the modification, combination, and reuse of biochar fillers. Despite remarkable advances, challenges persist regarding the stability, toxicity control, and large-scale application of biochar materials. Future research should focus on clarifying structure–function relationships, improving regeneration strategies, and integrating biochar-based processes with intelligent monitoring systems. A critical understanding of these aspects will support the development of cost-effective, low-carbon technologies for VOCs abatement.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Progress in Degradation of Volatile Organic Compounds by Biochar Fillers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月7日

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  • Miaomiao Qu,
  • Renlei Zhou,
  • Zhuowei Cheng,
  • Qiwen Luo,
  • Yuqi Feng,
  • Yun Shi,
  • Wenjun Wang,
  • Jianmeng Chen,
  • Minmin Zhang

摘要

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) represent a major environmental and public health concern due to their toxicity and persistence. Biological treatment technologies, such as biofilters and biotrickling filters, achieve VOC degradation through microbial activity, where the operational performance critically depends on the physicochemical properties of the filler material. Biochar-based fillers, distinguished by high specific surface area, hierarchical pore structures, and abundant surface functional groups, provide enhanced adsorption sites, facilitate microbial colonization, and accelerate biofilm formation, thereby improving VOC removal efficiency, system stability, and mass transfer rates. This review summarises recent progress in the modification, combination, and reuse of biochar fillers. Despite remarkable advances, challenges persist regarding the stability, toxicity control, and large-scale application of biochar materials. Future research should focus on clarifying structure–function relationships, improving regeneration strategies, and integrating biochar-based processes with intelligent monitoring systems. A critical understanding of these aspects will support the development of cost-effective, low-carbon technologies for VOCs abatement.

Graphical Abstract