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<p>Chemical dust suppressants represent a critical technological solution for mitigating fugitive dust pollution across industrial sectors. This comprehensive review systematically examines the mechanisms, classifications, and performance evaluation of chemical dust suppressants, with a particular focus on addressing the persistent efficacy-cost-eco-friendliness trilemma. The core suppression mechanisms–-wetting, adhesion, and coagulation–-are analyzed, highlighting their synergistic interactions that enhance dust control efficiency. The evolution from traditional formulations (e.g., inorganic salts, petroleum-based binders) to sustainable and intelligent alternatives, including bio-based materials (e.g., cellulose, chitosan, starch, lignin), nanocomposites, and functional polymers, is thoroughly discussed. Emerging bio-based materials demonstrate significant improvements, with biodegradability rates exceeding 90% (e.g., chitosan microcapsules), dust suppression efficiency often surpassing 85% (e.g., modified corn stalk cellulose), and reduced corrosion rates (e.g., down to 0.08–0.12&#xa0;mm/year for certain anti-freeze types) compared to traditional salt-based agents (corrosion rates of 0.15–0.25&#xa0;mm/year). While traditional suppressants often face limitations such as short duration (typically &lt; 72&#xa0;h for wetting agents), environmental risks, and corrosion, emerging innovations demonstrate significant advancements. The review further evaluates the environmental impact and techno-economic feasibility of various suppressants, underscoring the potential of biomass-derived and smart-responsive materials to lower lifecycle costs despite higher initial material expenses. Future research directions emphasize the integration of artificial intelligence, waste resource utilization, and the establishment of a multi-dimensional evaluation framework to bridge the gap between laboratory research and industrial application, ultimately advancing next-generation dust control technologies toward greater sustainability and intelligence.</p>

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Eco-Friendly Dust Control Strategies: A Critical Review of Chemical Suppressants for Sustainable Environmental Management

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月3日

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  • Nini Wang,
  • Zhihui Huang,
  • Lin Yang,
  • Tingting Han,
  • Nan Wang,
  • Xiangpeng Meng,
  • Wei Zhang

摘要

Chemical dust suppressants represent a critical technological solution for mitigating fugitive dust pollution across industrial sectors. This comprehensive review systematically examines the mechanisms, classifications, and performance evaluation of chemical dust suppressants, with a particular focus on addressing the persistent efficacy-cost-eco-friendliness trilemma. The core suppression mechanisms–-wetting, adhesion, and coagulation–-are analyzed, highlighting their synergistic interactions that enhance dust control efficiency. The evolution from traditional formulations (e.g., inorganic salts, petroleum-based binders) to sustainable and intelligent alternatives, including bio-based materials (e.g., cellulose, chitosan, starch, lignin), nanocomposites, and functional polymers, is thoroughly discussed. Emerging bio-based materials demonstrate significant improvements, with biodegradability rates exceeding 90% (e.g., chitosan microcapsules), dust suppression efficiency often surpassing 85% (e.g., modified corn stalk cellulose), and reduced corrosion rates (e.g., down to 0.08–0.12 mm/year for certain anti-freeze types) compared to traditional salt-based agents (corrosion rates of 0.15–0.25 mm/year). While traditional suppressants often face limitations such as short duration (typically < 72 h for wetting agents), environmental risks, and corrosion, emerging innovations demonstrate significant advancements. The review further evaluates the environmental impact and techno-economic feasibility of various suppressants, underscoring the potential of biomass-derived and smart-responsive materials to lower lifecycle costs despite higher initial material expenses. Future research directions emphasize the integration of artificial intelligence, waste resource utilization, and the establishment of a multi-dimensional evaluation framework to bridge the gap between laboratory research and industrial application, ultimately advancing next-generation dust control technologies toward greater sustainability and intelligence.