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<p>The presence of phosphate and hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI), also known as chromate) in wastewater poses significant challenges for water quality management. This study investigates the effectiveness of Fe-impregnated cattle manure biochar (Fe-CMB) as an adsorbent for the simultaneous removal of chromate and phosphate from water. Fe-CMB was synthesized and characterized using various analytical techniques, including Fe-SEM, XRF, BET, XRD, and FTIR, to assess its physical and chemical properties. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of key operational parameters, including initial concentration, contact time, temperature, and pH, on the removal efficiency of both phosphate and chromate. The adsorption kinetics closely followed the pseudo-second-order model, indicating that chemisorption was the predominant mechanism governing the removal process. The Langmuir isotherm, which suggested monolayer adsorption with maximal adsorption capacities of 31.1&#xa0;mg/g for phosphate and 30.6&#xa0;mg/g for chromate, provided the best fit to the equilibrium data. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that the adsorption process was endothermic and accompanied by an increase in entropy at the solid–liquid interface. Notably, while phosphate adsorption remained nonspontaneous across all temperatures, chromate adsorption became spontaneous at higher temperatures. Both phosphate and chromate adsorption were more favorable under acidic conditions, with respective adsorption capacities of 26.01&#xa0;mg/g and 27.13&#xa0;mg/g observed at pH 3. When chromate and phosphate were present simultaneously in the solution, the adsorption capacity for chromate (0.94&#xa0;mmol/g, 48.88&#xa0;mg/g) was approximately three times greater than that for phosphate (0.31&#xa0;mmol/g, 9.60&#xa0;mg/g). The presence of chromate significantly inhibited phosphate adsorption, reducing it by up to 62.7%, whereas phosphate had only a minor effect on chromate removal. This asymmetric inhibition suggests that chromate has a stronger affinity for Fe-CMB, underscoring the importance of considering competitive interactions in real wastewater applications. These results highlight the potential of Fe-CMB as a sustainable and eco-friendly adsorbent for the simultaneous removal of chromate and phosphate in wastewater treatment applications.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Simultaneous Removal of Phosphate and Chromate using Fe-impregnated Cattle Manure Biochar

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月26日

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  • Ga-In Baek,
  • Seung-Hee Hong,
  • Chang-Gu Lee,
  • Seong-Jik Park

摘要

The presence of phosphate and hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI), also known as chromate) in wastewater poses significant challenges for water quality management. This study investigates the effectiveness of Fe-impregnated cattle manure biochar (Fe-CMB) as an adsorbent for the simultaneous removal of chromate and phosphate from water. Fe-CMB was synthesized and characterized using various analytical techniques, including Fe-SEM, XRF, BET, XRD, and FTIR, to assess its physical and chemical properties. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of key operational parameters, including initial concentration, contact time, temperature, and pH, on the removal efficiency of both phosphate and chromate. The adsorption kinetics closely followed the pseudo-second-order model, indicating that chemisorption was the predominant mechanism governing the removal process. The Langmuir isotherm, which suggested monolayer adsorption with maximal adsorption capacities of 31.1 mg/g for phosphate and 30.6 mg/g for chromate, provided the best fit to the equilibrium data. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that the adsorption process was endothermic and accompanied by an increase in entropy at the solid–liquid interface. Notably, while phosphate adsorption remained nonspontaneous across all temperatures, chromate adsorption became spontaneous at higher temperatures. Both phosphate and chromate adsorption were more favorable under acidic conditions, with respective adsorption capacities of 26.01 mg/g and 27.13 mg/g observed at pH 3. When chromate and phosphate were present simultaneously in the solution, the adsorption capacity for chromate (0.94 mmol/g, 48.88 mg/g) was approximately three times greater than that for phosphate (0.31 mmol/g, 9.60 mg/g). The presence of chromate significantly inhibited phosphate adsorption, reducing it by up to 62.7%, whereas phosphate had only a minor effect on chromate removal. This asymmetric inhibition suggests that chromate has a stronger affinity for Fe-CMB, underscoring the importance of considering competitive interactions in real wastewater applications. These results highlight the potential of Fe-CMB as a sustainable and eco-friendly adsorbent for the simultaneous removal of chromate and phosphate in wastewater treatment applications.

Graphical Abstract