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<p>Due to human activities, large quantities of dyes, represented by methylene blue, have been discharged into aquatic ecosystems, posing a global threat. The lignite residue (Lig) produced during humic acid extraction requires appropriate valorization or treatment to prevent potential environmental impacts. To develop a modified material with enhanced uptake performance for the effective removal of methylene blue (MB), Lig was functionalized with Fe₃O₄ to form Lig-Fe. The underlying adsorption mechanisms were systematically investigated through comprehensive characterization. Results revealed that Lig was transformed into a mesoporous composite with enhanced surface functionality. The maximum uptake amount and removal effciency of Lig-Fe was 189.91&#xa0;mg/g and 98.05%. Kinetic analysis indicated that the adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order model, suggesting chemisorption as the dominant mechanism. Adsorption equilibrium was reached within 150&#xa0;min for Lig-Fe, compared to 180&#xa0;min for unmodified Lig. Isotherm modeling revealed hybrid mechanisms that vary with temperature, involving both Langmuir-type monolayer adsorption and Freundlich-type multilayer physisorption. Analyses confirmed chemisorption pathways involving Fe–O coordination, π-π interactions, and actions with oxygen functionalities. The outstanding adsorption performance of Lig-Fe provides insights for further optimizing its modification parameters. This work also provides a technical pathway for simultaneous lignite residue valorization and industrial wastewater remediation, supporting China's dual carbon strategy through circular economy implementation.</p> Graphic Abstract <p></p>

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The Study of Modified Lignite Residue As Methylene Blue Adsorbent In Water: Preparation and Mechanism

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月29日

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  • Yan Yu,
  • Qidong Wu,
  • Yu Qin,
  • Rong Liu,
  • Tiancai Zheng

摘要

Due to human activities, large quantities of dyes, represented by methylene blue, have been discharged into aquatic ecosystems, posing a global threat. The lignite residue (Lig) produced during humic acid extraction requires appropriate valorization or treatment to prevent potential environmental impacts. To develop a modified material with enhanced uptake performance for the effective removal of methylene blue (MB), Lig was functionalized with Fe₃O₄ to form Lig-Fe. The underlying adsorption mechanisms were systematically investigated through comprehensive characterization. Results revealed that Lig was transformed into a mesoporous composite with enhanced surface functionality. The maximum uptake amount and removal effciency of Lig-Fe was 189.91 mg/g and 98.05%. Kinetic analysis indicated that the adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order model, suggesting chemisorption as the dominant mechanism. Adsorption equilibrium was reached within 150 min for Lig-Fe, compared to 180 min for unmodified Lig. Isotherm modeling revealed hybrid mechanisms that vary with temperature, involving both Langmuir-type monolayer adsorption and Freundlich-type multilayer physisorption. Analyses confirmed chemisorption pathways involving Fe–O coordination, π-π interactions, and actions with oxygen functionalities. The outstanding adsorption performance of Lig-Fe provides insights for further optimizing its modification parameters. This work also provides a technical pathway for simultaneous lignite residue valorization and industrial wastewater remediation, supporting China's dual carbon strategy through circular economy implementation.

Graphic Abstract