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<p>This study used samples collected from five major rivers in South Korea to investigate the presence and potential transmission pathways of plant viruses through river water. While virome analyses have been conducted in various water systems, research on the distribution and prevalence of plant viruses in freshwater environments remains limited. However, understanding the viral communities in these systems is critical for assessing potential risks to agriculture and environmental health. This study analyzed water samples from the Yeongsan River (YE), Geum River (GE), Seomjin River (SE), Han River (HA), and Nakdong River (NA) using metatranscriptomics. Several plant viruses, including cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), tobacco mild green mosaic virus (TMGMV), pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), youcai mosaic virus (YoMV), and soybean yellow common mosaic virus (SYCMV) were identified, with PMMoV being consistently detected across all rivers. Absolute quantification using nanoplate-based digital PCR (dPCR) confirmed the presence of these viruses, and plant pathogenicity tests were verified using indicator plants. Importantly, no novel plant viruses were discovered in this study. Instead, our findings highlight that freshwater systems serve as reservoirs and transmission pathways for already well-documented plant viruses. This emphasizes the need to shift focus toward quantitative risk assessment and regional surveillance of these waterborne plant viruses to safeguard agricultural sustainability.</p>

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Waterborne Plant Virus Contamination in Major Korean Rivers and its Potential Risks to Agriculture and Environmental Health

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月22日

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  • Ga-Eun Lee,
  • Min-Jae Kim,
  • Rae-Dong Jeong

摘要

This study used samples collected from five major rivers in South Korea to investigate the presence and potential transmission pathways of plant viruses through river water. While virome analyses have been conducted in various water systems, research on the distribution and prevalence of plant viruses in freshwater environments remains limited. However, understanding the viral communities in these systems is critical for assessing potential risks to agriculture and environmental health. This study analyzed water samples from the Yeongsan River (YE), Geum River (GE), Seomjin River (SE), Han River (HA), and Nakdong River (NA) using metatranscriptomics. Several plant viruses, including cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), tobacco mild green mosaic virus (TMGMV), pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), youcai mosaic virus (YoMV), and soybean yellow common mosaic virus (SYCMV) were identified, with PMMoV being consistently detected across all rivers. Absolute quantification using nanoplate-based digital PCR (dPCR) confirmed the presence of these viruses, and plant pathogenicity tests were verified using indicator plants. Importantly, no novel plant viruses were discovered in this study. Instead, our findings highlight that freshwater systems serve as reservoirs and transmission pathways for already well-documented plant viruses. This emphasizes the need to shift focus toward quantitative risk assessment and regional surveillance of these waterborne plant viruses to safeguard agricultural sustainability.