<p>This study provides a thorough assessment of zeolite nanoparticles as efficient adsorbents for the desalination of field-treated generated water from hydrocarbon reservoirs. Based on SEM-EDS and FTIR tests, the nanomaterials had a mostly spherical shape (50 - 90 nm), an Al/Si ratio of about 1:3, and framework vibrations that showed an active aluminosilicate lattice. The FTIR spectra showed that the Si–O–T (T = Si or Al) and O–H vibrations changed after ions were adsorbed. This was direct spectroscopic proof of chemisorptive cation exchange. Batch adsorption tests with doses of 2 - 8 g/L and contact periods of up to 120 minutes showed that the best salt removal was 90–95% at 6 g/L and 2 hours, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 100 - 120 mg/g. The kinetic analysis showed that adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order model (R<sup>2</sup> &gt; 0.99), which meant that chemisorption was the slowest step. The equilibrium data fit the Sips isotherm, which meant that there were different surface sites with high binding affinity. The nano-zeolite adsorbents showed great cyclic stability, keeping their removal efficiency at over 88% after five adsorption-desorption cycles and 78.5% after ten cycles when regenerated with a simple 10% (w/v) NaCl brine wash. The regeneration process works at 80°C and normal pressure, which uses a lot less energy than thermal or membrane desalination methods like MED or RO. The results show that nano-zeolite adsorption is a technically possible, energy-efficient, and environmentally friendly way to lower the salinity of generated water. The findings enhance the existing knowledge of nanostructured aluminosilicates in resource-water management and establish a basis for pilot-scale field application and lifecycle optimization in oil and gas operations.</p>

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Investigating the Efficacy of Zeolite Nanomaterials in Desalting Field-Treated Produced Water

  • Emmanuel E. Okoro,
  • Samuel E. Sanni,
  • Oscar Ikechukwu Okoronkwo Ogali,
  • Ikechukwu Theophilus John,
  • Frank Chinedu Ukaeru

摘要

This study provides a thorough assessment of zeolite nanoparticles as efficient adsorbents for the desalination of field-treated generated water from hydrocarbon reservoirs. Based on SEM-EDS and FTIR tests, the nanomaterials had a mostly spherical shape (50 - 90 nm), an Al/Si ratio of about 1:3, and framework vibrations that showed an active aluminosilicate lattice. The FTIR spectra showed that the Si–O–T (T = Si or Al) and O–H vibrations changed after ions were adsorbed. This was direct spectroscopic proof of chemisorptive cation exchange. Batch adsorption tests with doses of 2 - 8 g/L and contact periods of up to 120 minutes showed that the best salt removal was 90–95% at 6 g/L and 2 hours, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 100 - 120 mg/g. The kinetic analysis showed that adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order model (R2 > 0.99), which meant that chemisorption was the slowest step. The equilibrium data fit the Sips isotherm, which meant that there were different surface sites with high binding affinity. The nano-zeolite adsorbents showed great cyclic stability, keeping their removal efficiency at over 88% after five adsorption-desorption cycles and 78.5% after ten cycles when regenerated with a simple 10% (w/v) NaCl brine wash. The regeneration process works at 80°C and normal pressure, which uses a lot less energy than thermal or membrane desalination methods like MED or RO. The results show that nano-zeolite adsorption is a technically possible, energy-efficient, and environmentally friendly way to lower the salinity of generated water. The findings enhance the existing knowledge of nanostructured aluminosilicates in resource-water management and establish a basis for pilot-scale field application and lifecycle optimization in oil and gas operations.