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<p>Increasing metal demand requires to move toward circular economy. This study explores domestic wastewater as a potential metal resource, assessing the effective recovery of 16 metals, 2 metalloids and phosphorus by 4 adsorbents (activated alumina, activated carbon, clinoptilolite, ferric hydroxide) and two cation-exchange resins (weak and strong). It is the first to evaluate the removal of such a wide range of elements—19 in total—comparing six different sorbents taking into account the complexity of a real wastewater, and thus providing tangible insights for the development of a recovery process. A design of experiments using batch-tests was set-up to study the effects of the material dosage, contact time and pH, and has determined the best operating conditions. We have shown that three materials have captured &gt; 60% of the elements: P, Si, As, V, Zn, Mo, Cr and Sb for the ferric hydroxide, B, Co, Cr and Zn for the activated carbon, and Ca, Mg, Sr and Zn for the weak cation-exchange resin. A dosage of 20&#xa0;g.L<sup>−1</sup> of material was shown optimal for the capture by activated carbon and ferric hydroxide, while the weak cation-exchange resin performed best at 4&#xa0;g.L<sup>−1</sup>. A contact time of 1&#xa0;h was identified as optimal for most elements and tested materials. The recovery would be substantial for Ca, Na, K, Mg, P, Si, Sr, but is still a challenge for others. Poor elements retention were shown for activated alumina and zeolite-clinoptilolite, and rapid saturation for the strong cation-exchange resin.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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First step Toward Recovering Metals from Domestic Wastewater: How to Optimize Sorption Efficiency?

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月21日

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  • Manon Brossat,
  • Jean-Marc Choubert,
  • Elodie Varennes,
  • Antonin Azais,
  • Denise Blanc

摘要

Increasing metal demand requires to move toward circular economy. This study explores domestic wastewater as a potential metal resource, assessing the effective recovery of 16 metals, 2 metalloids and phosphorus by 4 adsorbents (activated alumina, activated carbon, clinoptilolite, ferric hydroxide) and two cation-exchange resins (weak and strong). It is the first to evaluate the removal of such a wide range of elements—19 in total—comparing six different sorbents taking into account the complexity of a real wastewater, and thus providing tangible insights for the development of a recovery process. A design of experiments using batch-tests was set-up to study the effects of the material dosage, contact time and pH, and has determined the best operating conditions. We have shown that three materials have captured > 60% of the elements: P, Si, As, V, Zn, Mo, Cr and Sb for the ferric hydroxide, B, Co, Cr and Zn for the activated carbon, and Ca, Mg, Sr and Zn for the weak cation-exchange resin. A dosage of 20 g.L−1 of material was shown optimal for the capture by activated carbon and ferric hydroxide, while the weak cation-exchange resin performed best at 4 g.L−1. A contact time of 1 h was identified as optimal for most elements and tested materials. The recovery would be substantial for Ca, Na, K, Mg, P, Si, Sr, but is still a challenge for others. Poor elements retention were shown for activated alumina and zeolite-clinoptilolite, and rapid saturation for the strong cation-exchange resin.

Graphical Abstract