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<p>This study evaluates the effectiveness of three microalgal species (Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus obliquus, and Nannochloropsis sp.) in removing nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) as well as heavy metals (lead and cadmium) from wastewater. It was performed in two systems, closed photobioreactors (PBRs) and open ponds, under controlled conditions and natural conditions, with nutrient and metal concentrations monitored over 14 days. The results of the research show that PBR systems consistently recorded higher removal efficiencies than open ponds, with maximum removal efficiencies of up to 95% for nitrogen, 93% for phosphorous, 94% for lead, and 95% for cadmium, particularly with Chlorella vulgaris. Open ponds could be slightly less efficient when compared with close tubular PBR systems but have the benefit of being less costly. Biomass productivity and lipid content, by the 14th day of the experiment, were greater in the closed system, providing an added benefit of lowering pollution levels and potential bio-resource recovery. The research demonstrates the idea that microalgal-phycoremediation can provide a sustainable and efficient method for remediation and treatment of wastewater, aligning with a push towards circular economy modeling and resource recovery. Obviously, the need for optimization of these systems and suitable species selection so that maximum treatment at the least cost becomes feasible remains stressed in the study.</p>

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Comparative Evaluation of Microalgae-Based Wastewater Treatment Using Closed Photobioreactors and Open Pond Systems for Nutrient and Heavy Metal Removal and Resource Recovery

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月9日

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  • Zahraa Sabah Hasan,
  • Huda Yousif Enad

摘要

This study evaluates the effectiveness of three microalgal species (Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus obliquus, and Nannochloropsis sp.) in removing nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) as well as heavy metals (lead and cadmium) from wastewater. It was performed in two systems, closed photobioreactors (PBRs) and open ponds, under controlled conditions and natural conditions, with nutrient and metal concentrations monitored over 14 days. The results of the research show that PBR systems consistently recorded higher removal efficiencies than open ponds, with maximum removal efficiencies of up to 95% for nitrogen, 93% for phosphorous, 94% for lead, and 95% for cadmium, particularly with Chlorella vulgaris. Open ponds could be slightly less efficient when compared with close tubular PBR systems but have the benefit of being less costly. Biomass productivity and lipid content, by the 14th day of the experiment, were greater in the closed system, providing an added benefit of lowering pollution levels and potential bio-resource recovery. The research demonstrates the idea that microalgal-phycoremediation can provide a sustainable and efficient method for remediation and treatment of wastewater, aligning with a push towards circular economy modeling and resource recovery. Obviously, the need for optimization of these systems and suitable species selection so that maximum treatment at the least cost becomes feasible remains stressed in the study.