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<p>Road construction activities generate substantial dust emissions and intensify traffic-related pollution due to lane closures and congestion. The combined impacts of construction operations and vehicular emissions exhibit strong spatial and temporal variability, driven by fluctuations in construction intensity, traffic conditions, and roadside environments, thereby posing complex and unpredictable pollution exposure risks for nearby commuters and residents. This study employed a mobile monitoring approach to capture high-resolution spatiotemporal variations of PM<sub>2.5</sub>, PM<sub>10</sub>, and black carbon (BC) concentrations along a major construction road. A high-performance machine learning model integrated with Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) was developed to identify and interpret the key factors driving roadside particulate matter (PM) pollution. Results revealed that particle concentrations varied substantially throughout the day, with PM<sub>2.5</sub> levels exhibiting nearly a threefold difference between noon and late evening. Pollution hotspots were mainly located within active construction zones, where PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> peaks were more pronounced on downwind roadsides, while BC hotspots were concentrated near bus stops. Meteorological conditions—especially relative humidity (RH) exerted a pronounced influence on PM dynamics. Elevated PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> concentrations occurred when RH was below 65%, whereas BC levels increased when RH exceeded 70%. High PM concentrations were primarily attributed to ongoing construction dust and intensified traffic emissions during peak hours, with dry conditions facilitating road dust resuspension by large vehicles. Elevated BC levels were largely associated with pile drivers, diesel vehicles and prevailing wind conditions. Pollution exposure risk was found to be generally high within a 180-m radius of the construction center. These findings suggest that installing sprinklers to maintain RH at 65%-70%, along roadside greening and vehicle restrictions, could help reduce roadside pollution exposure risks.</p>

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Coupled Impacts of Road Construction and Vehicle Emissions on Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Roadside Particulate Matter Pollution

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月3日

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  • Kaixuan Liu,
  • Jiamin Xu,
  • Fuwang Zhang,
  • Zhaocai Meng,
  • Xisheng Hu,
  • Zhanyong Wang

摘要

Road construction activities generate substantial dust emissions and intensify traffic-related pollution due to lane closures and congestion. The combined impacts of construction operations and vehicular emissions exhibit strong spatial and temporal variability, driven by fluctuations in construction intensity, traffic conditions, and roadside environments, thereby posing complex and unpredictable pollution exposure risks for nearby commuters and residents. This study employed a mobile monitoring approach to capture high-resolution spatiotemporal variations of PM2.5, PM10, and black carbon (BC) concentrations along a major construction road. A high-performance machine learning model integrated with Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) was developed to identify and interpret the key factors driving roadside particulate matter (PM) pollution. Results revealed that particle concentrations varied substantially throughout the day, with PM2.5 levels exhibiting nearly a threefold difference between noon and late evening. Pollution hotspots were mainly located within active construction zones, where PM2.5 and PM10 peaks were more pronounced on downwind roadsides, while BC hotspots were concentrated near bus stops. Meteorological conditions—especially relative humidity (RH) exerted a pronounced influence on PM dynamics. Elevated PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations occurred when RH was below 65%, whereas BC levels increased when RH exceeded 70%. High PM concentrations were primarily attributed to ongoing construction dust and intensified traffic emissions during peak hours, with dry conditions facilitating road dust resuspension by large vehicles. Elevated BC levels were largely associated with pile drivers, diesel vehicles and prevailing wind conditions. Pollution exposure risk was found to be generally high within a 180-m radius of the construction center. These findings suggest that installing sprinklers to maintain RH at 65%-70%, along roadside greening and vehicle restrictions, could help reduce roadside pollution exposure risks.