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<p>Recently, with the proliferating growth of pharmaceutical pollutants as the expiration date passed, household and agricultural poisons, as well as inorganic pollutants, have become a substantial global issue. Photocatalysts represent an efficient, affordable, and safe solution for degrading these contaminants using light. This study aimed to synthesize Ag<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> (APO) nanoparticles as metallic photocatalyst assistance, Zinc Stannate (Zn<sub>2</sub>SnO<sub>4</sub>; ZSO) perovskite as main photocatalyst, and BiOCl (BOC) nanosheets as materials non-metallic photocatalyst assistance for efficient photodegradation of 4-chlorophenol (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>ClOH) antibiotic (CPA), diazinon (C<sub>12</sub>H<sub>21</sub>N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>PS) poison (DZP) as organic contaminants, and inorganic contaminants of nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>), and carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>). The photodegradation of diazinon poison, 4-chlorophenol antibiotic, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, and CO<sub>2</sub> contaminants was conducted under experimental conditions with a pH range of 1–9, temperature between 25–65&#xa0;°C, agitation speed of 100–400&#xa0;rpm, retention time of 1–6&#xa0;h, photocatalyst dosage of 0.25–1.5&#xa0;g/l, polluters concentration of 50–500&#xa0;ppm, and a distance of 5–20&#xa0;cm betwixt the visible light and photoreactor. The photocatalytic efficiency of the Ag<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>/Zn<sub>2</sub>SnO<sub>4</sub>/BiOCl ternary heterojunction photocatalyst was enhanced by examining the impact of solution pH, photoreaction time, photocatalyst dosage, and contaminant concentrations. Notably, the Ag<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>/Zn<sub>2</sub>SnO<sub>4</sub>/BiOCl (APO/ZSO/BOC) nanocomposite demonstrated the maximum photodegradation of 4-chlorophenol antibiotic (CPA), achieving a value of 80%. Moreover, the maximum photodegradation of diazinon poison (DZP) reached approximately 85% with visible light exposure. Eventually, the highest removal of inorganic pollutants, such as nitrate and carbon dioxide, was achieved with values of 75% and 80%, respectively. Finally, the Ag<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>/Zn<sub>2</sub>SnO<sub>4</sub>/BiOCl ternary photocatalyst maintained its reactivity even after five experiments of repeated use.</p>

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Synergistic Enhanced Visible-Light-Driven Photodegradation of Diverse Organic and Inorganic Pollutants by a Novel Ag3PO4/Zn2SnO4/BiOCl 0D/3D/2D QDs Schottky/Z-Scheme Ternary Heterojunction Photocatalyst

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月29日

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  • Hossein Kadkhodayan,
  • Taher Alizadeh

摘要

Recently, with the proliferating growth of pharmaceutical pollutants as the expiration date passed, household and agricultural poisons, as well as inorganic pollutants, have become a substantial global issue. Photocatalysts represent an efficient, affordable, and safe solution for degrading these contaminants using light. This study aimed to synthesize Ag3PO4 (APO) nanoparticles as metallic photocatalyst assistance, Zinc Stannate (Zn2SnO4; ZSO) perovskite as main photocatalyst, and BiOCl (BOC) nanosheets as materials non-metallic photocatalyst assistance for efficient photodegradation of 4-chlorophenol (C6H4ClOH) antibiotic (CPA), diazinon (C12H21N2O3PS) poison (DZP) as organic contaminants, and inorganic contaminants of nitrate (NO3−), and carbon dioxide (CO2). The photodegradation of diazinon poison, 4-chlorophenol antibiotic, NO3−, and CO2 contaminants was conducted under experimental conditions with a pH range of 1–9, temperature between 25–65 °C, agitation speed of 100–400 rpm, retention time of 1–6 h, photocatalyst dosage of 0.25–1.5 g/l, polluters concentration of 50–500 ppm, and a distance of 5–20 cm betwixt the visible light and photoreactor. The photocatalytic efficiency of the Ag3PO4/Zn2SnO4/BiOCl ternary heterojunction photocatalyst was enhanced by examining the impact of solution pH, photoreaction time, photocatalyst dosage, and contaminant concentrations. Notably, the Ag3PO4/Zn2SnO4/BiOCl (APO/ZSO/BOC) nanocomposite demonstrated the maximum photodegradation of 4-chlorophenol antibiotic (CPA), achieving a value of 80%. Moreover, the maximum photodegradation of diazinon poison (DZP) reached approximately 85% with visible light exposure. Eventually, the highest removal of inorganic pollutants, such as nitrate and carbon dioxide, was achieved with values of 75% and 80%, respectively. Finally, the Ag3PO4/Zn2SnO4/BiOCl ternary photocatalyst maintained its reactivity even after five experiments of repeated use.