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<p>Since 1990s, activated carbon (AC) has been used as the main material to remove unwanted chlorine-associated odor and taste from drinking water. Nowadays, many different biochar materials have been proposed in the literature to substitute AC in several applications. This study is testing the possible utilization of biochars to remove chlorine. Different AC, biomaterials, and biochars were tested for their ability to remove chlorine from water solutions. The results for all materials are comparable after a 24-h contact time (87%). The biochar from grape seeds (Gse) showed higher removal efficiency (55% compared to 66% for AC) during the early contact time (1-h) and faster kinetics. Thus, this material, Gse, was further tested in a column study, and thus, was characterized for its surface properties (through SEM, FTIR, equilibrium pH) and for the removal of tap water toxicity. The material characterization techniques were all in agreement or complimentary to each other suggesting that the chlorine removal mechanism is a combination of sorption and oxidation of the surface. The toxicity test suggested 3 times lower water toxicity after the use of Gse as filter material. Overall, the results are promising for the removal of chlorine residues from water, thus, shedding light on sustainable filtering materials (local and robust).</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Decreasing Drinking Water Toxicity by Chlorine Removal Using Activated Carbons, Biomaterials and Biochars from Agro-industrial By-products

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月2日

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  • Andreas Tzachristas,
  • Ioannis D. Manariotis,
  • Stefanos Dailianis,
  • Hrissi K. Karapanagioti

摘要

Since 1990s, activated carbon (AC) has been used as the main material to remove unwanted chlorine-associated odor and taste from drinking water. Nowadays, many different biochar materials have been proposed in the literature to substitute AC in several applications. This study is testing the possible utilization of biochars to remove chlorine. Different AC, biomaterials, and biochars were tested for their ability to remove chlorine from water solutions. The results for all materials are comparable after a 24-h contact time (87%). The biochar from grape seeds (Gse) showed higher removal efficiency (55% compared to 66% for AC) during the early contact time (1-h) and faster kinetics. Thus, this material, Gse, was further tested in a column study, and thus, was characterized for its surface properties (through SEM, FTIR, equilibrium pH) and for the removal of tap water toxicity. The material characterization techniques were all in agreement or complimentary to each other suggesting that the chlorine removal mechanism is a combination of sorption and oxidation of the surface. The toxicity test suggested 3 times lower water toxicity after the use of Gse as filter material. Overall, the results are promising for the removal of chlorine residues from water, thus, shedding light on sustainable filtering materials (local and robust).

Graphical Abstract