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<p>In the presented study, agar-gelatin/poly(acrylic acid) (AG-GEL/PAAc) was proposed as an effective biopolymeric double network (DN) adsorbent synthesized using a simple one-pot heating and cooling method for the adsorption of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions. The changes in the adsorbent structure were revealed through analyses using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Initial concentration, temperature, and adsorbent dose were used as the adsorption parameters to optimize the adsorption capacity using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a Face-Central Centered Composite Design (FCCCD). The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 672.96&#xa0;mg Pb(II)/g DN hydrogel under optimal conditions defined as an initial adsorbate concentration of 1500&#xa0;mg/L, an adsorption temperature of 45&#xa0;°C, and an adsorbent dose of 0.025&#xa0;g. The kinetic studies and the equilibrium data were fitted to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model, respectively. Additionally, the thermodynamic parameters revealed the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the adsorption process. The results demonstrated that the DN adsorbent, which is easy to synthesize, has high adsorption efficiency, and good reusability, has the potential for effective application in environmental protection.</p>

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One-Pot Synthesis of Agar-Gelatin/Poly(Acrylic Acid) for Pb(II) Removal: Optimization by Response Surface Methodology

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月27日

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  • Seda Özgen,
  • Zehra Özbaş

摘要

In the presented study, agar-gelatin/poly(acrylic acid) (AG-GEL/PAAc) was proposed as an effective biopolymeric double network (DN) adsorbent synthesized using a simple one-pot heating and cooling method for the adsorption of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions. The changes in the adsorbent structure were revealed through analyses using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Initial concentration, temperature, and adsorbent dose were used as the adsorption parameters to optimize the adsorption capacity using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a Face-Central Centered Composite Design (FCCCD). The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 672.96 mg Pb(II)/g DN hydrogel under optimal conditions defined as an initial adsorbate concentration of 1500 mg/L, an adsorption temperature of 45 °C, and an adsorbent dose of 0.025 g. The kinetic studies and the equilibrium data were fitted to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model, respectively. Additionally, the thermodynamic parameters revealed the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the adsorption process. The results demonstrated that the DN adsorbent, which is easy to synthesize, has high adsorption efficiency, and good reusability, has the potential for effective application in environmental protection.