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<p>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have garnered significant environmental concern due to their persistence and carcinogenicity, particularly amid global energy transitions. This study systematically investigated the concentration profiles, sources, and multi-dimensional risks of 16 priority PAHs in soils from three functional areas (parks, farmlands, and industrial zones) of Urumqi. Results revealed striking spatial heterogeneity, with ∑<sub>16</sub>PAHs concentrations spanning three orders of magnitude: parks exhibited severe contamination (3303.57 ± 2719.23 ng/g; 88% samples &gt; 1000 ng/g), whereas industrial areas showed negligible pollution (43.85 ± 32.57 ng/g). Source apportionment indicated traffic emissions dominated in parks and farmlands, while industrial PAHs originated from heavy oil combustion and petroleum volatilization. Ecological risk assessment identified parks as high-risk hotspots (risk quotient RQ = 644.43 ± 499.26; BaP-equivalent toxicity TEQ<sub>BaP</sub> = 733.26 ng/g), with 46% samples posing severe threats. Health risk models demonstrated unacceptable carcinogenic risks across all zones (incremental lifetime cancer risk ILCRs &gt; 10⁻⁶), particularly in parks (10⁻4 &lt; ILCRs &lt; 10⁻1), with gender-specific analysis revealing higher female susceptibility. These findings provide critical evidence for policymakers to implement zone-specific remediation strategies in arid urban ecosystems.</p>

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Concentrations, Sources, and Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soils of Different Functional Zones in Urumqi, Xinjiang, China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月26日

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  • Junxuan Ma,
  • Nuerla Ailijiang,
  • Anwar Mamat,
  • Yixian Wu,
  • Xiaoxiao Luo,
  • Min Li

摘要

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have garnered significant environmental concern due to their persistence and carcinogenicity, particularly amid global energy transitions. This study systematically investigated the concentration profiles, sources, and multi-dimensional risks of 16 priority PAHs in soils from three functional areas (parks, farmlands, and industrial zones) of Urumqi. Results revealed striking spatial heterogeneity, with ∑16PAHs concentrations spanning three orders of magnitude: parks exhibited severe contamination (3303.57 ± 2719.23 ng/g; 88% samples > 1000 ng/g), whereas industrial areas showed negligible pollution (43.85 ± 32.57 ng/g). Source apportionment indicated traffic emissions dominated in parks and farmlands, while industrial PAHs originated from heavy oil combustion and petroleum volatilization. Ecological risk assessment identified parks as high-risk hotspots (risk quotient RQ = 644.43 ± 499.26; BaP-equivalent toxicity TEQBaP = 733.26 ng/g), with 46% samples posing severe threats. Health risk models demonstrated unacceptable carcinogenic risks across all zones (incremental lifetime cancer risk ILCRs > 10⁻⁶), particularly in parks (10⁻4 < ILCRs < 10⁻1), with gender-specific analysis revealing higher female susceptibility. These findings provide critical evidence for policymakers to implement zone-specific remediation strategies in arid urban ecosystems.