A Chemometric Assessment of the Chemical Composition Present in Total Deposition in Locations with Different Levels of Urbanization in the State of Rio de Janeiro
摘要
Total deposition samples were collected for 12 months in three different regions of the state of Rio de Janeiro (Gávea, Serra dos Órgãos National Park (PARNASO), and Campos dos Goytacazes). In addition to pH and conductivity measurements, the ionic composition was determined by ion chromatography. Individual results were evaluated based on Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients between the measured variables in the samples. The comparison between the samples from each locality and the identification of emission sources were qualitatively assessed through Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The strongest correlations in all locations were for the ions Na+ and Cl−, both originating from marine emissions. Correlations in Gávea highlighted the anthropogenic contribution, especially from vehicular sources, while those in PARNASO were biogenic and slightly anthropogenic. The Campos dos Goytacazes region was markedly influenced by biomass burning under strong wind contribution. Statistical and chemometric evaluations confirmed the possible emission sources and the characteristic geographical distinction of each of the three study locations.