Progress and Prospects of Cyanide Pollution Remediation Research– A Global Review
摘要
Cyanide (-C≡N) pollution from industrial activities significantly threatens ecosystems and human health. The application of cyanide (CN) in mining, electroplating, and chemical synthesis as well as discharge from industries including steel plants have increased environmental contamination and associated threats to the biota. The estimated global CN production figure for the year 2022 from these sources i.e. 1.3 million metric tons is a testimony to the growing cyanide pollution and increasing associated environmental and health concerns around the world. CN spills and improper disposal into waterbodies have resulted in serious environmental pollution, and caused human fatality due to acute toxicity affecting the nervous system and tissues with high oxygen metabolism. This review discusses environmental and health consequences of CN pollution, its origin, toxicological effects, regulatory measures, and available remedial technologies. Environment friendly bioremediation methods and hybrid technologies such as electro-biodegradation and microbial fuel cells among others hold promise for reducing CN pollution. Exploring patented technologies from different countries for their possible integration while developing novel cleanup solutions may also be a viable option . Regulatory frameworks are critical for managing cyanide disposal. Deployment and implementation of high-quality wastewater treatment technologies are prerequisites for taking up any CN-specific mitigation measure. The use of emerging biotechnologies along with the other technologies may be an effective future strategy for developing sustainable cyanide remediation technologies in general and to treat the CN contaminated water bodies, in particular.
Graphical Abstract