<p>Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), a versatile carbon nanomaterial, have extensive applications in a wide range of advanced technologies, including military systems, supercapacitors, biomedicine, structural materials, and biosensors. However, their increasing use has led to the generation of nanowaste during both synthesis and post-application, thus contributing to significant environmental contamination, particularly in water and soil. The persistence and potential toxicity of CNTs in the environment highlight the urgent need to explore efficient degradation strategies. Conventional, non-biological degradation methods fall short because they involve chemicals and are not environmentally friendly, underscoring the necessity for innovative biodegradation techniques. Effective management of CNT waste is critical for minimizing environmental risks and ensuring sustainable long-term use of nanotechnology in various sectors. This review offers an up-to-date analysis of CNT toxicity, conventional degradation techniques, and emerging biodegradation approaches. By consolidating existing research, this work aims to serve as a valuable resource for scientists and industry professionals, providing key insights into the sustainable management and environmental implications of CNT use, emphasizing the importance of developing efficient regulatory frameworks and waste management protocols.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>