<p>Acid mine drainage is highly toxic and can have detrimental effects on humans, animals, and plants when mixed with groundwater, surface water, and soil. It is commonly believed that acid mine drainage is formed through the chemical reaction of surface water (rainwater, snowmelt, pond water) and shallow subsurface water with rocks containing sulfur-bearing minerals, resulting in the production of sulfuric acid. However, there is a lack of systematic and regional quantitative analysis of acid-producing elements in acidic mine water.Based on monitoring and research data from a total of 196 coal mines, this study provides a comprehensive review of the geochemical conditions in mining areas, including geological conditions, coal sulfur content (CSC), water chemistry, etc., and examines microbial characteristics such as species and abundance. The key mechanisms responsible for acid production in mine water are evaluated, and acid-producing elements in mine water are logically selected using the Meta statistical analysis method. The acid-producing effects of key elements in acidic mine water are quantitatively analyzed at a significant level. The research findings indicate that the primary factors contributing to the formation of acidic mine drainage in coal mining environments include total iron (Fe) concentration, coal sulfur content, redox potential, elevated levels of dissolved oxygen, and specific microbial communities such as actinomycetes and nitrifying bacteria. The study reveals that these factors have a significant negative impact on the pH of mine water, and the acid production effect is enhanced with increasing concentrations of these factors.</p>