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<p>The effective management of industrial wastewater remains a critical issue, especially in rapidly urbanizing regions with increasing pollution. This study explores the use of local solid waste, specifically banana peel (BP) and banana stem (BS) mucilage, as bio-coagulants, combined with titaniferous sand (TS) as a secondary treatment to enhance industrial wastewater purification. Characterization of TS using particle size analysis, SEM–EDX, XRF, and BET analysis confirmed its potential as a natural filtration material. Laboratory experiments revealed that BP exhibited superior coagulation efficiency, achieving 96.44% turbidity reduction, 98.01% COD removal, and 88.32% BOD₅ reduction, outperforming BS in these metrics. Additionally, for the first time, this study investigated the sequential optimization of dosage and pH, finding that adjusting pH post-dose optimization enhanced BP’s performance, particularly at pH 8. The infiltration-percolation process with TS further improved treatment outcomes, significantly reducing BOD₅ and conductivity. These results highlight the novelty and viability of this combined ecological approach, providing an effective, low-cost, and sustainable solution for industrial wastewater treatment to preserve the environment (SDG 15: Life on Land). Future work should explore the scaling up of this process, long-term performance in continuous systems, and potential challenges related to sludge management and variability in wastewater composition.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Unlocking the Full Potential of Agro-Waste Bio-Coagulants for Industrial Wastewater Treatment using pH-First Optimization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月8日

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  • Nisrine Nouj,
  • Mohamed Rida Abelouah,
  • Mohamed Idbella,
  • Aboubakr Ben Hamou,
  • Ayoub Chaoui,
  • Naima Hafid,
  • Noureddine El Alem

摘要

The effective management of industrial wastewater remains a critical issue, especially in rapidly urbanizing regions with increasing pollution. This study explores the use of local solid waste, specifically banana peel (BP) and banana stem (BS) mucilage, as bio-coagulants, combined with titaniferous sand (TS) as a secondary treatment to enhance industrial wastewater purification. Characterization of TS using particle size analysis, SEM–EDX, XRF, and BET analysis confirmed its potential as a natural filtration material. Laboratory experiments revealed that BP exhibited superior coagulation efficiency, achieving 96.44% turbidity reduction, 98.01% COD removal, and 88.32% BOD₅ reduction, outperforming BS in these metrics. Additionally, for the first time, this study investigated the sequential optimization of dosage and pH, finding that adjusting pH post-dose optimization enhanced BP’s performance, particularly at pH 8. The infiltration-percolation process with TS further improved treatment outcomes, significantly reducing BOD₅ and conductivity. These results highlight the novelty and viability of this combined ecological approach, providing an effective, low-cost, and sustainable solution for industrial wastewater treatment to preserve the environment (SDG 15: Life on Land). Future work should explore the scaling up of this process, long-term performance in continuous systems, and potential challenges related to sludge management and variability in wastewater composition.

Graphical Abstract