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<p>The present work successfully fabricates straightforward, eco-friendly, and economical zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using <i>Alpinia galanga</i> rhizome extract. Characterization via Ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectrophotometry revealed a peak at 374&#xa0;nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed a pristine hexagonal wurtzite structure of NPs with an average crystallite size of 49.86&#xa0;nm. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) confirmed cubic-shaped nanoparticles with an average size of 68.86 ± 9.67&#xa0;nm. Energy&#xa0;dispersive X-ray (EDX) showed a sharp peak for Zinc. Fourier&#xa0;transform infrared (FTIR) identified surface functional groups. This means the surface charge of NPs was -21 ± 0.8&#xa0;mV. The antibacterial effectiveness of ZnO NPs exhibited better susceptibility against Gram-negative <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (MIC 6.25&#xa0;µg/mL) compared to Gram-positive <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (MIC 12.5&#xa0;µg/mL). Additionally, ZnO NPs displayed robust antioxidant activity, scavenging 80% of DPPH with an IC<sub>50</sub> of 114.2&#xa0;µg/mL. Furthermore, ZnO NPs degraded 94% of Methylene blue (MB), as well as 76% and 72% of Congo red (CR) at 50&#xa0;mg/100&#xa0;mL and 100&#xa0;mg/100&#xa0;mL ZnO NPs loaded concentration, following pseudo-first-order kinetics and showed stability over three cycles. Thus, the environmentally benign production and nontoxicity of ZnO NPs derived from <i>A. galanga</i> can be employed as candidates for antibacterial, antioxidant agents, and industrial effluent treatment.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Noticing the Phytoextract Mediated Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial, Antioxidant & Photocatalytic Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月10日

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  • Dipan Sarma,
  • Badal Kumar Datta,
  • Padmasri Ghosh,
  • Mayuri Bhagawati,
  • Songita Sonowal,
  • Ram Prasad

摘要

The present work successfully fabricates straightforward, eco-friendly, and economical zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using Alpinia galanga rhizome extract. Characterization via Ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectrophotometry revealed a peak at 374 nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed a pristine hexagonal wurtzite structure of NPs with an average crystallite size of 49.86 nm. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) confirmed cubic-shaped nanoparticles with an average size of 68.86 ± 9.67 nm. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) showed a sharp peak for Zinc. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) identified surface functional groups. This means the surface charge of NPs was -21 ± 0.8 mV. The antibacterial effectiveness of ZnO NPs exhibited better susceptibility against Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC 6.25 µg/mL) compared to Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis (MIC 12.5 µg/mL). Additionally, ZnO NPs displayed robust antioxidant activity, scavenging 80% of DPPH with an IC50 of 114.2 µg/mL. Furthermore, ZnO NPs degraded 94% of Methylene blue (MB), as well as 76% and 72% of Congo red (CR) at 50 mg/100 mL and 100 mg/100 mL ZnO NPs loaded concentration, following pseudo-first-order kinetics and showed stability over three cycles. Thus, the environmentally benign production and nontoxicity of ZnO NPs derived from A. galanga can be employed as candidates for antibacterial, antioxidant agents, and industrial effluent treatment.

Graphical Abstract