<p>Due to the hazardous effects of uranium, its removal from water resources has been prioritized by the researchers. The literature witnesses the development of various treatment technologies including ion exchange, chemical precipitation, membrane filtration, phytoremediation, and adsorption for its removal from contaminated water but the adsorption is the best technique owing to its economical nature. The utilization of waste-based activated carbon for uranium treatment in wastewater has shown exciting results as this waste to wealth approach has dual benefits in terms of waste management and uranium pollution treatment. In view of these facts, authors have attempted to critically analyze various techniques for the removal of toxic uranium and subsequently highlighted the advantages and advances in the utilization of waste-based activated carbons (WBAC) as adsorbents for the removal of uranium. Besides, adsorption models, thermodynamic parameters and adsorption mechanism of treatment of uranium contaminated wastewater have been highlighted. This review also gives an idea about the progress of research in this field by identifying the research gaps, highlighting challenges and future perspectives, which will eventually help researchers to carry out more efficient research in this area.</p>