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<p>Synergistic enhancement of cobalt adsorption was achieved through graphitization and magnetic modification of biochar derived from spent mushroom substrate (SMS). The Magnetic graphitized biochar, designated MGBC, was synthesized via a one-step iron-assisted pyrolysis process. Optimal performance occurred at 900&#xa0;°C (MGBC-900), exhibiting an enhanced graphitic carbon structure with an ID/IG ratio of 2.11 and Magnetite loading of 13.80 emu·g⁻<sup>1</sup>. These properties contributed to a high specific surface area of 340 m<sup>2</sup>·g⁻<sup>1</sup> and hydrophilicity reflected by a 32° contact angle. Performance evaluation demonstrated exceptional cobalt adsorption capacity of 138.97&#xa0;mg·g⁻<sup>1</sup> and 99.10% removal efficiency for low-concentration Co<sup>2+</sup> solutions (6.981&#xa0;mg·L⁻<sup>1</sup>), surpassing conventional biochars. The adsorption mechanism involved three synergistic pathways: π-π electron donor–acceptor interactions with graphitic layers, electrostatic attraction to protonated functional groups, and monodentate complexation with Fe–O sites. The practical applicability of MGBC-900 was further assessed through regeneration cycles, resistance to coexisting ions, and performance in simulated electroplating wastewater (SIW).</p>

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Synergistic Enhancement of Cobalt Adsorption by Graphitization and Magnetic Modification of Biochar: Synthesis, Characterization, Performance and Mechanism

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月4日

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  • Hui Liu,
  • Chen Li,
  • Zhichao Fan,
  • Zhirui Dou,
  • Beibei Lu,
  • Xiao Fan,
  • Xiaohui Ji,
  • Jinlong Lai,
  • Qian Fu,
  • Songlin Gong,
  • Xinna Wang,
  • Jie Liu

摘要

Synergistic enhancement of cobalt adsorption was achieved through graphitization and magnetic modification of biochar derived from spent mushroom substrate (SMS). The Magnetic graphitized biochar, designated MGBC, was synthesized via a one-step iron-assisted pyrolysis process. Optimal performance occurred at 900 °C (MGBC-900), exhibiting an enhanced graphitic carbon structure with an ID/IG ratio of 2.11 and Magnetite loading of 13.80 emu·g⁻1. These properties contributed to a high specific surface area of 340 m2·g⁻1 and hydrophilicity reflected by a 32° contact angle. Performance evaluation demonstrated exceptional cobalt adsorption capacity of 138.97 mg·g⁻1 and 99.10% removal efficiency for low-concentration Co2+ solutions (6.981 mg·L⁻1), surpassing conventional biochars. The adsorption mechanism involved three synergistic pathways: π-π electron donor–acceptor interactions with graphitic layers, electrostatic attraction to protonated functional groups, and monodentate complexation with Fe–O sites. The practical applicability of MGBC-900 was further assessed through regeneration cycles, resistance to coexisting ions, and performance in simulated electroplating wastewater (SIW).