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<p>Water pollution is a major threat to both human health and the environment. Untreated industrial wastewater is one of the main sources of water contamination. The current study aims to assess the extent of heavy metal contamination in tannery wastewater and its mobility, the associated impacts on groundwater quality and human health in Kasur, Pakistan. A total of 120 samples, including 60 wastewater samples and 60 groundwater samples, were collected and analyzed for heavy metal concentrations (Cu, Pb, Cd, and Cr) as well as physicochemical and biological parameters. Results showed exceptionally high concentrations of heavy metals in tannery wastewater, particularly Cr (154.55&#xa0;mg&#xa0;L<sup><i>−</i>1</sup>). Groundwater exhibited moderate to very high contamination levels due to heavy metals, with the Pollution Load Index (<i>PLI</i>) indicating high pollution in the area. The risk assessment indicated potential carcinogenic risks associated with the consumption of metal-contaminated groundwater, particularly Cr (2.05 × 10<sup>–03</sup>) and Pb (1.9 × 10<sup>–04</sup>). Additionally, Hazard Quotient (HQ) values exceeding 1 for Pb, Cd, and Cr indicate a non-carcinogenic risk from groundwater consumption. The study emphasizes that remediation techniques are required to make groundwater safe to drink. It also suggests filtering drinking water and treating wastewater before disposal to mitigate health risks and protect public health.</p>

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Impact of Tannery Effluents on Groundwater Quality and Human Health in Kasur, Pakistan

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月6日

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  • Mohammad Salman Faisal,
  • Muhammad Awais,
  • Rohina Bashir,
  • Muhammad Bilal Shakoor,
  • Rizwan Aziz,
  • Muhammad Rizwan,
  • Affaq Ali,
  • Simal Akhtar,
  • Noor Fatima

摘要

Water pollution is a major threat to both human health and the environment. Untreated industrial wastewater is one of the main sources of water contamination. The current study aims to assess the extent of heavy metal contamination in tannery wastewater and its mobility, the associated impacts on groundwater quality and human health in Kasur, Pakistan. A total of 120 samples, including 60 wastewater samples and 60 groundwater samples, were collected and analyzed for heavy metal concentrations (Cu, Pb, Cd, and Cr) as well as physicochemical and biological parameters. Results showed exceptionally high concentrations of heavy metals in tannery wastewater, particularly Cr (154.55 mg L−1). Groundwater exhibited moderate to very high contamination levels due to heavy metals, with the Pollution Load Index (PLI) indicating high pollution in the area. The risk assessment indicated potential carcinogenic risks associated with the consumption of metal-contaminated groundwater, particularly Cr (2.05 × 10–03) and Pb (1.9 × 10–04). Additionally, Hazard Quotient (HQ) values exceeding 1 for Pb, Cd, and Cr indicate a non-carcinogenic risk from groundwater consumption. The study emphasizes that remediation techniques are required to make groundwater safe to drink. It also suggests filtering drinking water and treating wastewater before disposal to mitigate health risks and protect public health.