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<p>Azo dyes are organic, artificial colorants with a wide range of applications as textile coloring agents. The disposal of textile effluent negatively impacts soil and water ecosystems; hence, enhancing the microbial degradation of azo dyes is essential for the textile industry's disposal treatment. The prime focus of this research is studying the bacterial degradation of azo textile dyes, Direct Green 28 (DG-28) and Direct Blue 71 (DB-71). Taxonomic studies of the isolated strain revealed that it was <i>Escherichia</i> sp. PP001 (GenBank: KP770133.1), and it has the potential to degrade azo dyes. The culture conditions were optimized under various physiological parameters such as dye concentrations, pH, temperature, and agitation. The maximum decolorization of 99% was achieved for both dyes at pH 7, 37 °C, with agitation of 60&#xa0;rpm (revolutions per minute). Biosorption kinetics fit pseudo-zero-order and diffusion models, indicating surface adsorption and intraparticle diffusion. GC–MS (Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy) analysis elucidated metabolite degradation pathways. Physicochemical properties of the treated and untreated textile effluent were examined and compared. The results indicate a reduction of 97.63% in biological oxygen demand (BOD), 96.23% in chemical oxygen demand (COD), 64.56% in total dissolved solids (TDS), 76.80% in total solids (TS), and 85.50% in total suspended solids (TSS) in the treated textile effluent. The non-toxic nature of <i>Escherichia</i> sp. PP001-treated dyes and textile effluent were confirmed through phytotoxicity studies. Consequently, the treated effluent can be recommended for irrigation.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Enhanced Bacterial Degradation of Azo dyes by Escherichia sp. PP001: Optimization, Kinetics, Degradation Pathway, Phytotoxicity and Textile Wastewater Treatment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月4日

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  • Mohanasundram Sudha,
  • Arul Ponniah Saranya,
  • Ganeshamoorthy Bakiyaraj,
  • Mariappan Mariappan,
  • Natesan Sivakumar

摘要

Azo dyes are organic, artificial colorants with a wide range of applications as textile coloring agents. The disposal of textile effluent negatively impacts soil and water ecosystems; hence, enhancing the microbial degradation of azo dyes is essential for the textile industry's disposal treatment. The prime focus of this research is studying the bacterial degradation of azo textile dyes, Direct Green 28 (DG-28) and Direct Blue 71 (DB-71). Taxonomic studies of the isolated strain revealed that it was Escherichia sp. PP001 (GenBank: KP770133.1), and it has the potential to degrade azo dyes. The culture conditions were optimized under various physiological parameters such as dye concentrations, pH, temperature, and agitation. The maximum decolorization of 99% was achieved for both dyes at pH 7, 37 °C, with agitation of 60 rpm (revolutions per minute). Biosorption kinetics fit pseudo-zero-order and diffusion models, indicating surface adsorption and intraparticle diffusion. GC–MS (Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy) analysis elucidated metabolite degradation pathways. Physicochemical properties of the treated and untreated textile effluent were examined and compared. The results indicate a reduction of 97.63% in biological oxygen demand (BOD), 96.23% in chemical oxygen demand (COD), 64.56% in total dissolved solids (TDS), 76.80% in total solids (TS), and 85.50% in total suspended solids (TSS) in the treated textile effluent. The non-toxic nature of Escherichia sp. PP001-treated dyes and textile effluent were confirmed through phytotoxicity studies. Consequently, the treated effluent can be recommended for irrigation.

Graphical Abstract