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<p>Arsenic (As) is a toxic metal(loid) and easily taken up by rice through roots, impairing plant growth and compromising food safety. A pot experiment was conducted using two As levels (0 and 2.5 mg L<sup>−1</sup> of water, denoted as As<sub>0</sub> and As<sub>1</sub>) and three biochar application rates (0%, 0.5%, and 1%, designated as B<sub>0</sub>, B<sub>1</sub>, and B<sub>2)</sub>, respectively. Biochar was premixed in the soil before pot filling and As (As<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) was applied one month after transplanting the seedling&#xa0;of rice&#xa0;cultivar ‘Chenab Basmati’. Results revealed that biochar amendment improved root fresh weight, root dry weight, root length and plant height under As<sub>1</sub> by 69.57, 33.21, 18.78, and 38.85%, respectively. Biochar at B2 also reduced H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, total soluble protein, and total free amino acids by 71%, 47%, and 71%, respectively. Biochar application substantially improved the peroxidase and catalase activities under both As<sub>0</sub> and As<sub>1</sub> treatments at both tillering booting stage as compared to B<sub>0</sub> but lowered anthocyanin concentrations at both stages. Furthermore, biochar application improved yield and related traits i.e., total and productive tillers, grains panicle<sup>−1</sup>, 1000-grain weight, grain yield and straw yield under As<sub>0</sub> and As<sub>1</sub>. Under As<sub>1</sub>, As concentration in soil increased with biochar application, but its accumulation in roots, stems, leaves, and grains was markedly reduced. Translocation factors and bioconcentration and accumulation factors in root, stems and grains also decreased notably under B1 and B2. Moreover, principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that biochar improved yield and antioxidant traits under As stress, while stress-related markers clustered with no biochar application.</p>

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Biochar Amendment Improved Growth and Yield of Fragrant Rice and Reduced Arsenic (As) Accumulation under As-contaminated Irrigation Water

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月2日

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  • Umair Ashraf,
  • Talat Mansha,
  • Shakeel Ahmad Anjum,
  • James DeDecker,
  • Abrar Hussain,
  • Fahd Rasul,
  • Muhmmad Abrar,
  • Muhammad Ishfaq

摘要

Arsenic (As) is a toxic metal(loid) and easily taken up by rice through roots, impairing plant growth and compromising food safety. A pot experiment was conducted using two As levels (0 and 2.5 mg L−1 of water, denoted as As0 and As1) and three biochar application rates (0%, 0.5%, and 1%, designated as B0, B1, and B2), respectively. Biochar was premixed in the soil before pot filling and As (As2O3) was applied one month after transplanting the seedling of rice cultivar ‘Chenab Basmati’. Results revealed that biochar amendment improved root fresh weight, root dry weight, root length and plant height under As1 by 69.57, 33.21, 18.78, and 38.85%, respectively. Biochar at B2 also reduced H2O2, total soluble protein, and total free amino acids by 71%, 47%, and 71%, respectively. Biochar application substantially improved the peroxidase and catalase activities under both As0 and As1 treatments at both tillering booting stage as compared to B0 but lowered anthocyanin concentrations at both stages. Furthermore, biochar application improved yield and related traits i.e., total and productive tillers, grains panicle−1, 1000-grain weight, grain yield and straw yield under As0 and As1. Under As1, As concentration in soil increased with biochar application, but its accumulation in roots, stems, leaves, and grains was markedly reduced. Translocation factors and bioconcentration and accumulation factors in root, stems and grains also decreased notably under B1 and B2. Moreover, principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that biochar improved yield and antioxidant traits under As stress, while stress-related markers clustered with no biochar application.