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<p>PM<sub>2.5</sub> remains a critical urban air pollutant that poses severe risks to public health and disrupts urban functioning. Its spatial distribution is strongly influenced by urban morphological structures. While citywide mitigation strategies are common, block-scale planning offers more targeted and implementable solutions. This study explored the relationship between PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations and two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) urban morphological factors based on data from nine monitoring stations in central Zhengzhou, China. The key findings are as follows: (1) PM<sub>2.5</sub> levels exhibited pronounced spatial heterogeneity and seasonal variability, with high concentrations clustered in the southwestern old districts, whereas the eastern and central zones formed low-concentration corridors; (2) At the block scale, morphological variables demonstrated significant correlations with PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations: building volume density (BVD), road density (RD), and building height standard deviation (BHSD) were positively correlated, while the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was negatively correlated (p &lt; 0.01), indicating a trade-off between urban development intensity and ecological mitigation capacity; (3) 3D morphological factors exerted a stronger influence than 2D metrics, better reflecting the spatial structure of urban environments; (4) A multiple linear regression model incorporating RD, NDVI, BHSD, and BVD explained 97.8% of the variance in PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations, with BVD alone accounting for 47.99%, highlighting the dominant role of 3D urban form in pollution accumulation. These findings provide valuable insights for urban planning and air quality management. They support the creation of effective strategies to improve air quality and promote sustainable urban development.</p>

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How Does Urban Morphological Structure Influence PM2.5 Distribution at the Block Scale? Insights from 2D/3D Spatial Factors

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月2日

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  • Mengbo Wu,
  • Na Liu,
  • Jingyi Wei,
  • Bangyan Zheng,
  • Xiong Yao,
  • Yuxiang Lan,
  • Zhipeng Zhu

摘要

PM2.5 remains a critical urban air pollutant that poses severe risks to public health and disrupts urban functioning. Its spatial distribution is strongly influenced by urban morphological structures. While citywide mitigation strategies are common, block-scale planning offers more targeted and implementable solutions. This study explored the relationship between PM2.5 concentrations and two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) urban morphological factors based on data from nine monitoring stations in central Zhengzhou, China. The key findings are as follows: (1) PM2.5 levels exhibited pronounced spatial heterogeneity and seasonal variability, with high concentrations clustered in the southwestern old districts, whereas the eastern and central zones formed low-concentration corridors; (2) At the block scale, morphological variables demonstrated significant correlations with PM2.5 concentrations: building volume density (BVD), road density (RD), and building height standard deviation (BHSD) were positively correlated, while the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was negatively correlated (p < 0.01), indicating a trade-off between urban development intensity and ecological mitigation capacity; (3) 3D morphological factors exerted a stronger influence than 2D metrics, better reflecting the spatial structure of urban environments; (4) A multiple linear regression model incorporating RD, NDVI, BHSD, and BVD explained 97.8% of the variance in PM2.5 concentrations, with BVD alone accounting for 47.99%, highlighting the dominant role of 3D urban form in pollution accumulation. These findings provide valuable insights for urban planning and air quality management. They support the creation of effective strategies to improve air quality and promote sustainable urban development.