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<p>This study evaluates the phytoremediation potential of <i>Ficus elastica</i> (rubber plant) for benzene removal under simulated indoor conditions using a controlled acrylic glass chamber system. Benzene, a toxic volatile organic compound (VOC) and Group 1 human carcinogen, poses a significant indoor air quality threat due to its persistence and health risks even at low concentrations. <i>Ficus elastica</i> plants were exposed to an initial benzene concentration of 5000 ppb in closed chambers, and benzene levels were continuously monitored using an indoor air quality analyzer. Three treatment setups using one, two, and three plants were employed to assess the impact of plant density on removal efficiency. Results revealed a dose-dependent reduction in benzene, with up to 93.86% removal achieved within 88 h using a single plant, and up to 92.20% removal within just 48 h using three plants. Morphological assessments confirmed the plant's tolerance, with no visible phytotoxic symptoms. Headspace gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) of leaf and root tissues identified metabolites absent in control plants, confirming metabolic transformation of benzene. The findings suggest that <i>Ficus elastica</i>, actively absorbs and detoxifies benzene through biochemical pathways. This research highlights <i>Ficus elastica</i> as an effective, low-cost, and sustainable candidate for indoor air phytoremediation, particularly in poorly ventilated or VOC-burdened environments.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Evaluating the Benzene Removal Efficiency of Ficus elastica in Closed-Chamber Conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月3日

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  • Diksha Sharma,
  • Megha Katoch,
  • Shagun Rana,
  • Rahul Bodh,
  • Anjali Chandel,
  • Bhavya Bhargava

摘要

This study evaluates the phytoremediation potential of Ficus elastica (rubber plant) for benzene removal under simulated indoor conditions using a controlled acrylic glass chamber system. Benzene, a toxic volatile organic compound (VOC) and Group 1 human carcinogen, poses a significant indoor air quality threat due to its persistence and health risks even at low concentrations. Ficus elastica plants were exposed to an initial benzene concentration of 5000 ppb in closed chambers, and benzene levels were continuously monitored using an indoor air quality analyzer. Three treatment setups using one, two, and three plants were employed to assess the impact of plant density on removal efficiency. Results revealed a dose-dependent reduction in benzene, with up to 93.86% removal achieved within 88 h using a single plant, and up to 92.20% removal within just 48 h using three plants. Morphological assessments confirmed the plant's tolerance, with no visible phytotoxic symptoms. Headspace gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) of leaf and root tissues identified metabolites absent in control plants, confirming metabolic transformation of benzene. The findings suggest that Ficus elastica, actively absorbs and detoxifies benzene through biochemical pathways. This research highlights Ficus elastica as an effective, low-cost, and sustainable candidate for indoor air phytoremediation, particularly in poorly ventilated or VOC-burdened environments.

Graphical Abstract