<p>The management of trash presents a huge and critical challenge for modern society, with the rising production of organic waste causing serious environmental concerns. However, vermicomposting, a natural and environmentally benign process, offers a promising solution for sustainable organic waste management. Scientific studies have confirmed that earthworms can be effectively utilized to treat various waste streams and generate valuable products, such as organic fertilizers. Through vermicomposting, waste is transformed into earthworm biomass and vermicompost. Earthworm biomass serves as a rich source of protein, while vermicompost is highly valued for being an exceptional product because of its consistent composition, low levels of contamination, presence of plant growth hormones, higher levels of soil enzymes, increased microbial population, and capacity to hold nutrients for a long time without negatively impacting the environment. Vermicomposting is essential for waste management, as it reduces waste volume, prevents the release of unfavorable leachates and aromas, and helps lower methane emissions, thereby addressing the contribution of organic waste to climate change. Earthworms facilitate this process by ingesting organic waste and soil, and accumulating heavy metals in their bodies. This paper gives an overview of current knowledge of the biology and species of earthworms, vermicomposting and the interactions of earthworms with microflora. It reviews the literature on vermicomposting to deal with solid waste management and agricultural practices. Furthermore, this review emphasizes the researchers to focus on optimization of vermicomposting, and enhancing heavy metal remediation efficiency for broader agricultural and environmental applications.</p>