<p>Climate change poses significant threats to Nigeria's agricultural sector, necessitating innovative solutions to enhance crop resilience and sustainability. This systematic review aims to synthesize existing literature on the role of chemistry in climate-smart agriculture (CSA) in Nigeria, focusing on chemical interventions that promote crop resilience, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and enhance sustainability. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. Studies published in English between 2010 and 2023 were eligible for inclusion. This review provided insights into chemical amendments enhancing soil fertility and crop yield, effective chemical pesticides for managing pests and diseases, optimal chemical fertilizer applications reducing greenhouse gas emissions and policy and regulatory frameworks supporting chemistry-based CSA practices. The study aimed to inform policy and decision-making on climate-resilient agricultural practices, identifying knowledge gaps and areas for future research.</p>