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<p>Numerous studies have demonstrated that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations in roadside soils and agricultural products are associated with traffic-related emissions. However, investigations into how pollutant concentrations vary with distance from traffic sources remain limited. To address this gap, the present study evaluated PAH contamination in potato tubers and surface soils collected at varying distances from an inter-district roadway in a semi-rural agricultural area during the harvest period. Sixteen priority PAH compounds, as defined by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), were analyzed in potato (n = 24) and surface soil (n = 8) samples collected from distances of 0, 3, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100&#xa0;m from the road. Quantification was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with diode array (DAD) and fluorescence (FLD) detectors. Results revealed that PAH concentrations in soil samples (median: 51.94&#xa0;ng/g dry weight; range: 2.66–525.59&#xa0;ng/g) were substantially higher than those in potato samples (median: 1.32&#xa0;ng/g dry weight; range: 0.14–177.89&#xa0;ng/g). The findings indicated a higher accumulation of PAHs in soil and revealed that the molecular weight distribution patterns of PAHs in potatoes varied with distance. Notably, low molecular weight PAHs (L-PAHs) in potatoes were positively correlated with proximity to the road, whereas beyond 50&#xa0;m, high molecular weight PAHs (H-PAHs) showed increased concentrations. Source apportionment based on diagnostic ratios suggested that PAHs in soils mainly originated from traffic emissions, while those in potatoes were influenced by a combination of traffic, biomass (e.g., wood, grass), and coal combustion. Health risk assessment showed that PAH concentrations in the studied area remained within acceptable safety thresholds for human health. These findings emphasize the influence of different transport pathways on PAH distribution in agricultural environments and highlight the importance of distance-based evaluations.</p>

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Effect of Proximity to Roads on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Levels in Agricultural Soils and Potatoes: Source and Risk Assessment in Bolu, Türkiye

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月2日

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  • Melike Büşra Bayramoğlu Karşı

摘要

Numerous studies have demonstrated that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations in roadside soils and agricultural products are associated with traffic-related emissions. However, investigations into how pollutant concentrations vary with distance from traffic sources remain limited. To address this gap, the present study evaluated PAH contamination in potato tubers and surface soils collected at varying distances from an inter-district roadway in a semi-rural agricultural area during the harvest period. Sixteen priority PAH compounds, as defined by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), were analyzed in potato (n = 24) and surface soil (n = 8) samples collected from distances of 0, 3, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100 m from the road. Quantification was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with diode array (DAD) and fluorescence (FLD) detectors. Results revealed that PAH concentrations in soil samples (median: 51.94 ng/g dry weight; range: 2.66–525.59 ng/g) were substantially higher than those in potato samples (median: 1.32 ng/g dry weight; range: 0.14–177.89 ng/g). The findings indicated a higher accumulation of PAHs in soil and revealed that the molecular weight distribution patterns of PAHs in potatoes varied with distance. Notably, low molecular weight PAHs (L-PAHs) in potatoes were positively correlated with proximity to the road, whereas beyond 50 m, high molecular weight PAHs (H-PAHs) showed increased concentrations. Source apportionment based on diagnostic ratios suggested that PAHs in soils mainly originated from traffic emissions, while those in potatoes were influenced by a combination of traffic, biomass (e.g., wood, grass), and coal combustion. Health risk assessment showed that PAH concentrations in the studied area remained within acceptable safety thresholds for human health. These findings emphasize the influence of different transport pathways on PAH distribution in agricultural environments and highlight the importance of distance-based evaluations.