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<p>In swine wastewater treatment, it is important to regulate the technical parameters to control the antimicrobial resistance genes and microbial community in the anaerobic treatment system. In this study, a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) was used to investigate the changes in five tetracycline resistance genes, two mobile genetic elements, and microbial community composition in the system with different parameter settings (hydraulic retention time, HRT) and carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio) for anaerobic treatment of swine wastewater. Redundancy analysis identified Proteus and bacteroides as the potential hosts for the <i>tetA, tetM, tetO</i>, and <i>Tn916/1545</i> genes, spirochetes as the potential host for the <i>tetX</i> gene, and Firmicutes as the potential hosts for the <i>tetG</i> and <i>intI1</i> genes. The relative abundance of the <i>tetA</i>, <i>tetM</i>, and <i>tetO</i> genes experienced a significant reduction of 75.16%, 63.91%, and 44.07%, respectively, as the HRT was extended from 18 to 48&#xa0;h. The relative abundance of the <i>tetA, tetG, tetM</i>, and <i>tetO</i> genes, along with the <i>Intl1</i> gene, increased accordingly in the C/N ratio test group with the C/N ratio gradually increasing from 12.5 to 20, which significantly exceeded that of the control group. In summary, this study assessed the effects of treatment conditions, specifically HRT and C/N ratio, on the antibiotic resistance in swine wastewater, and the findings provide valuable implications for the design of effective wastewater treatment systems in swine farms.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Influence of Hydraulic Retention Time and C/N Ratio on Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Microbial Communities in Anaerobic Treatment of Swine Wastewater

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月2日

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  • Canye Chen,
  • Tianqi Liu,
  • Xi Luo,
  • Lizhen Yang,
  • Dan He,
  • Wenbing Zhou,
  • Jianbo Cai

摘要

In swine wastewater treatment, it is important to regulate the technical parameters to control the antimicrobial resistance genes and microbial community in the anaerobic treatment system. In this study, a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) was used to investigate the changes in five tetracycline resistance genes, two mobile genetic elements, and microbial community composition in the system with different parameter settings (hydraulic retention time, HRT) and carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio) for anaerobic treatment of swine wastewater. Redundancy analysis identified Proteus and bacteroides as the potential hosts for the tetA, tetM, tetO, and Tn916/1545 genes, spirochetes as the potential host for the tetX gene, and Firmicutes as the potential hosts for the tetG and intI1 genes. The relative abundance of the tetA, tetM, and tetO genes experienced a significant reduction of 75.16%, 63.91%, and 44.07%, respectively, as the HRT was extended from 18 to 48 h. The relative abundance of the tetA, tetG, tetM, and tetO genes, along with the Intl1 gene, increased accordingly in the C/N ratio test group with the C/N ratio gradually increasing from 12.5 to 20, which significantly exceeded that of the control group. In summary, this study assessed the effects of treatment conditions, specifically HRT and C/N ratio, on the antibiotic resistance in swine wastewater, and the findings provide valuable implications for the design of effective wastewater treatment systems in swine farms.

Graphical Abstract