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<p>This study investigates the influence of number and position of methyl (-CH<sub>3</sub>) group in the removal of triphenylmethane (TPM) dyes by utilizing an air-activated carbon (highly oxidizing environment) from lignin (DKLAAC). The DKLAAC showed significant adsorption capacity for the selected TPM dyes, namely, Basic Red 9 (0.629&#xa0;mmol&#xa0;g<sup>−1</sup>), Basic Violet 14 (0.580&#xa0;mmol&#xa0;g<sup>−1</sup>), and Basic Violet 2 (0.511&#xa0;mmol&#xa0;g<sup>−1</sup>), at 25&#xa0;°C. Herein, the –CH<sub>3</sub> group was found to play a significant role in the adsorption of TPM dyes. The adsorption isotherms data were fitted with different adsorption isotherm models. Pseudo-first order (PFO), Pseudo-second order (PSO) &amp; Elovich models were used to analyze the kinetic data of the adsorption process. The findings showed good fitting of the Langmuir and PSO models for the TPM dyes adsorption. The mass-transfer mechanism was well-illustrated by the Intraparticle Diffusion model. Furthermore, the thermodynamic parameters revealed the endothermic and spontaneous nature of TPM dyes adsorption on DKLAAC.</p>

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Utilizing Demineralised kraft Lignin-Derived Air-Activated Carbon for Efficient Removal of Toxic Triphenylmethane Dyes: Impact of Methyl Group Involvement

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月29日

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  • Monika Chaudhary,
  • Suhas,
  • Shubham Chaudhary,
  • Vaishali Tyagi,
  • Jahangeer Ahmed,
  • Isabel Pestana Paixão Cansado,
  • Baskaran Stephen Inbaraj

摘要

This study investigates the influence of number and position of methyl (-CH3) group in the removal of triphenylmethane (TPM) dyes by utilizing an air-activated carbon (highly oxidizing environment) from lignin (DKLAAC). The DKLAAC showed significant adsorption capacity for the selected TPM dyes, namely, Basic Red 9 (0.629 mmol g−1), Basic Violet 14 (0.580 mmol g−1), and Basic Violet 2 (0.511 mmol g−1), at 25 °C. Herein, the –CH3 group was found to play a significant role in the adsorption of TPM dyes. The adsorption isotherms data were fitted with different adsorption isotherm models. Pseudo-first order (PFO), Pseudo-second order (PSO) & Elovich models were used to analyze the kinetic data of the adsorption process. The findings showed good fitting of the Langmuir and PSO models for the TPM dyes adsorption. The mass-transfer mechanism was well-illustrated by the Intraparticle Diffusion model. Furthermore, the thermodynamic parameters revealed the endothermic and spontaneous nature of TPM dyes adsorption on DKLAAC.