<p>This study qualitatively assesses Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs) in Kerala's Lower Kuttanad region, India, focusing on their occurrence, potential sources, and impact on water quality. It examines pesticides, microbiological contaminants, natural organic matter (NOM) components, petroleum products, and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). Pesticides, particularly pirimiphos-ethyl, were found in surface water, posing health and environmental risks. Coliform bacteria were detected in ground and surface water, which underscores the need for robust disinfection processes. Fluorescence spectroscopy identified NOM components, with a lack of regulatory guidance for drinking water in India. Phenanthrene from petroleum products was found in surface water, tied to motorboat use and tourism pollution. PPCPs, including harmful methyl compounds, persisted in surface water, emphasizing wastewater management. CEC prioritization was based on persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity, with pesticides ranking highest, followed by NOM, PPCPs, coliform bacteria, and petroleum products. Effective monitoring and mitigation are vital, especially in areas with limited water resources and wastewater management. Biomonitoring is proposed for health assessment, and global collaboration is urged to maintain safe water quality. The study underscores CEC's impact on wetland ecosystems and the need for regional risk assessment and management frameworks.</p>