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<p>Micro-electrolysis Assisted Floating Vegetated System (ME-FVS) integrates the redox potential of Fe:C Micro-electrolysis with the natural purification capacity of floating vegetation, enhancing the removal of nutrients and organic pollutants. This system is more energy-efficient than conventional methods, generates less sludge, and fosters microbial synergy at the root-electrode interface, making it ideal for decentralized, low-maintenance wastewater treatment. In ME-FVS, iron (Fe) functions as a sacrificial anode releasing Fe2⁺ ions for coagulation, while carbon (C) acts as a cathode facilitating electron transfer. This Fe:C pairing creates localized electric fields that drive redox reactions and pollutant degradation without external power. <i>Eichhornia crassipes</i> was selected for its floating ability and aerenchyma-rich tissues. The system was developed using a Box-Behnken Design (BBD) to evaluate the effects of initial COD concentration, vegetation coverage ratio, and Fe:C ratio, along with their interactions. Among 15 experimental runs, Run 13 characterized by an initial COD of 800&#xa0;mg L⁻1, Fe:C ratio of 1, and vegetation coverage of 0.5 achieved the highest removal efficiencies: 75.6% TN, 89% NO₃⁻-N, 81.2% TP, and 95.6% COD under optimized conditions (COD: 667.4&#xa0;mg L⁻1, vegetation coverage: 0.48, Fe:C ratio: 0.862). Higher initial COD levels provided more substrate for microbial degradation, while increased vegetation coverage enhanced nutrient uptake and microbial activity. The Fe:C ratio influenced redox reactions and electron transfer. The optimized balance of these parameters ensured maximum pollutant removal and system stability, as computed by the BBD model. The highest Relative Growth Rate (RGR) of <i>Eichhornia crassipes</i> was 0.0992&#xa0;g&#xa0;g⁻1&#xa0;day⁻1 at 0.25 coverage ratio. Kinetic analysis showed pollutant degradation followed both zero- and first-order models, with R2 values of 0.9817 and 0.9337, respectively. Overall, ME-FVS demonstrated high efficiency and sustainability in treating polluted water bodies.</p>

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Micro-Electrolysis Assisted Floating Vegetated System (ME-FVS): A Novel Hybrid System for Wastewater Treatment Focusing on Experiment and Modeling

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月4日

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  • Bishwajit Das,
  • Soumya Ranjan Sahoo,
  • Malaya Mohanty,
  • Kirtikanta Sahoo,
  • Kundan Samal,
  • Rajesh Roshan Dash

摘要

Micro-electrolysis Assisted Floating Vegetated System (ME-FVS) integrates the redox potential of Fe:C Micro-electrolysis with the natural purification capacity of floating vegetation, enhancing the removal of nutrients and organic pollutants. This system is more energy-efficient than conventional methods, generates less sludge, and fosters microbial synergy at the root-electrode interface, making it ideal for decentralized, low-maintenance wastewater treatment. In ME-FVS, iron (Fe) functions as a sacrificial anode releasing Fe2⁺ ions for coagulation, while carbon (C) acts as a cathode facilitating electron transfer. This Fe:C pairing creates localized electric fields that drive redox reactions and pollutant degradation without external power. Eichhornia crassipes was selected for its floating ability and aerenchyma-rich tissues. The system was developed using a Box-Behnken Design (BBD) to evaluate the effects of initial COD concentration, vegetation coverage ratio, and Fe:C ratio, along with their interactions. Among 15 experimental runs, Run 13 characterized by an initial COD of 800 mg L⁻1, Fe:C ratio of 1, and vegetation coverage of 0.5 achieved the highest removal efficiencies: 75.6% TN, 89% NO₃⁻-N, 81.2% TP, and 95.6% COD under optimized conditions (COD: 667.4 mg L⁻1, vegetation coverage: 0.48, Fe:C ratio: 0.862). Higher initial COD levels provided more substrate for microbial degradation, while increased vegetation coverage enhanced nutrient uptake and microbial activity. The Fe:C ratio influenced redox reactions and electron transfer. The optimized balance of these parameters ensured maximum pollutant removal and system stability, as computed by the BBD model. The highest Relative Growth Rate (RGR) of Eichhornia crassipes was 0.0992 g g⁻1 day⁻1 at 0.25 coverage ratio. Kinetic analysis showed pollutant degradation followed both zero- and first-order models, with R2 values of 0.9817 and 0.9337, respectively. Overall, ME-FVS demonstrated high efficiency and sustainability in treating polluted water bodies.