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<p>The rational transformation of wastewater sludge into functional materials presents a dual solution for environmental remediation and sustainable resource recovery. Herein, a novel Fe–N co-doped magnetic biochar (Fe–N@WBC) was developed through a one-step pyrolysis strategy using iron sulfate-activated sludge coupled with nitrogen enrichment from urea Comprehensive characterization revealed that Fe–N co-modification synergistically enhanced the textural properties, increasing specific surface area from 13.79 to 83.42 m<sup>2</sup>∙g<sup>−1</sup> and creating hierarchical porosity. The engineered biochar exhibited exceptional adsorption capacity (79.38&#xa0;mg∙g<sup>−1</sup> at 318&#xa0;K) with remarkable pH robustness (2–10) and thermal stability, outperforming most reported carbon-based adsorbents. Mechanistic investigations through multitechnique analysis demonstrated that the adsorption process was governed by multi-interfacial interactions, where π-π stacking was verified as the principal reactive force, while complementary mechanisms including pore confinement, hydrophobic partitioning, and hydrogen bonding collectively enhanced BPA up-take. Particularly, the embedded Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles enabled rapid magnetic separation (&lt; 30&#xa0;s) and maintained over 80% adsorption efficiency after 5 regeneration cycles. This work establishes a waste-to-resource paradigm that not only addresses sludge disposal challenges but also provides an eco-engineered solution for persistent organic pollutant removal, demonstrating significant potential for practical water remediation applications.</p>

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Up-take of Bisphenol A in Water by Fe–N Co-modified Sludge-based Biochar: Preparation, Adsorption Behaviors and Mechanism

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月19日

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  • Xinghui Ji,
  • Xinhui Tang,
  • Hengming Zhang,
  • Luohong Zhang,
  • Ning Wang,
  • Yonghong Liu

摘要

The rational transformation of wastewater sludge into functional materials presents a dual solution for environmental remediation and sustainable resource recovery. Herein, a novel Fe–N co-doped magnetic biochar (Fe–N@WBC) was developed through a one-step pyrolysis strategy using iron sulfate-activated sludge coupled with nitrogen enrichment from urea Comprehensive characterization revealed that Fe–N co-modification synergistically enhanced the textural properties, increasing specific surface area from 13.79 to 83.42 m2∙g−1 and creating hierarchical porosity. The engineered biochar exhibited exceptional adsorption capacity (79.38 mg∙g−1 at 318 K) with remarkable pH robustness (2–10) and thermal stability, outperforming most reported carbon-based adsorbents. Mechanistic investigations through multitechnique analysis demonstrated that the adsorption process was governed by multi-interfacial interactions, where π-π stacking was verified as the principal reactive force, while complementary mechanisms including pore confinement, hydrophobic partitioning, and hydrogen bonding collectively enhanced BPA up-take. Particularly, the embedded Fe3O4 nanoparticles enabled rapid magnetic separation (< 30 s) and maintained over 80% adsorption efficiency after 5 regeneration cycles. This work establishes a waste-to-resource paradigm that not only addresses sludge disposal challenges but also provides an eco-engineered solution for persistent organic pollutant removal, demonstrating significant potential for practical water remediation applications.