<p>Pharmaceutical Contaminants (PCs) are a growing environmental concern due to their low but impactful concentrations, posing threats to both human health and ecosystems. This review explores the problems, long-term environmental impact, and negative impacts of PCs in traditional wastewater treatment. PCs have major negative effects on living things even at low concentrations, which emphasizes the need for careful investigation. Their durability in the environment is a result of their stable molecular structures, which also provide resistance to degradation. Conventional wastewater treatment facilities face limitations in effectively removing PCs, which deteriorate aquatic environments. To address these challenges, the paper emphasizes the importance of accurately identifying pharmacological groups within emerging contaminants (ECs) and developing effective removal strategies. To protect water bodies and make sure they are suitable for a variety of uses, it is imperative to invest time and resources in researching PCs and eradication techniques. In conclusion, this comprehensive review provides insights into the adverse effects of PCs, their persistence, and the pressing need for effective removal strategies. It emphasizes the importance of ongoing research efforts and resource allocation to protect water bodies, making a case for sustained investments in ensuring the environmental safety of our water resources.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>