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<p>Heavy metal contamination in estuarine environments poses substantial risks to ecological integrity and human health. Notably, El Salvador is experiencing one of the worst water crises in Central America, with more than half of its water bodies polluted. This study focuses on sediment chemistry contributions to macroinvertebrate declines in La Barra de Santiago Estuary following the 2005 eruption of the Santa Ana volcano and potential interactions with anthropogenic contributions to the ecosystem. Various contaminants were measured to determine the sediment and water quality. Geoaccumulation index, combined pollution index toxic risk index, and pollution load index were evaluated in bottom sediment and indicated significant contamination, particularly driven by elevated Ni concentrations. The sources of these metals' inputs are not clear from analysis of pairwise associations. Principal component analysis was used to evaluate source contributions by comparing the chemical compositions of potential sources, such as fertilizers, volcanic ash, and other agrochemical source chemistries with the sediment chemistry in component space. This approach helped identify patterns and relationships between the sources and sediment contamination. These findings not only clarify Central American estuarine sediment chemistries but also reveals surprising Ni contamination in these sediments.</p>

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Assessment of Sediment Geochemistry in La Barra de Santiago Estuary, El Salvador Reveals Unexpected Nickel Contamination

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月4日

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  • Abiodun E. Ayo-Bali,
  • Dina L. Lopez,
  • Daniel J. Bain,
  • Mauricio V. Jandres,
  • Benancio H. Miranda,
  • Toluwaleke Ajayi

摘要

Heavy metal contamination in estuarine environments poses substantial risks to ecological integrity and human health. Notably, El Salvador is experiencing one of the worst water crises in Central America, with more than half of its water bodies polluted. This study focuses on sediment chemistry contributions to macroinvertebrate declines in La Barra de Santiago Estuary following the 2005 eruption of the Santa Ana volcano and potential interactions with anthropogenic contributions to the ecosystem. Various contaminants were measured to determine the sediment and water quality. Geoaccumulation index, combined pollution index toxic risk index, and pollution load index were evaluated in bottom sediment and indicated significant contamination, particularly driven by elevated Ni concentrations. The sources of these metals' inputs are not clear from analysis of pairwise associations. Principal component analysis was used to evaluate source contributions by comparing the chemical compositions of potential sources, such as fertilizers, volcanic ash, and other agrochemical source chemistries with the sediment chemistry in component space. This approach helped identify patterns and relationships between the sources and sediment contamination. These findings not only clarify Central American estuarine sediment chemistries but also reveals surprising Ni contamination in these sediments.