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<p>Industrial growth and anthropogenic activities have resulted in the improper release of toxic substances, such as potentially hazardous metallic species into the soil and disrupting the trophic chain. To address this pressing issue, this research has focused on developing environmentally friendly methodologies for soil remediation. This study investigated the efficacy of rhamnolipid cell-free broth (RCFB), derived from the production by the bacterium <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> BM02, in removing Cd<sup>2+</sup>, Ni<sup>2+</sup>, and Cr<sup>2+</sup> species from contaminated soil. Furthermore, there is the novelty of applying soil washing with unpurified biosurfactant, making the process much more economical and sustainable. The RCFB was optimized using a central composite design (CCD) with a 2<sup>4</sup> × 2 factorial arrangement, evaluating independent variables such as concentration of magnesium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, and andiroba (<i>Carapa guianensis</i> Aublet) biomass waste, along with incubation time. Characterization of the functional groups and surfactant properties of RCFB was conducted, and the theoretical maximum adsorption capacities of RCFB for Cd<sup>2+</sup>, Ni<sup>2+</sup>, and Cr<sup>2+</sup> were 149.2 ± 0.10&#xa0;mg/Kg, 120.1 ± 0.14&#xa0;mg/Kg and 118.13 ± 0.12&#xa0;mg/Kg, respectively. The removal process followed in accordance with the pseudo first order model and, according to the observed data, a satisfactory fit of the adsorption results to the Langmuir model was obtained for all metal ions. These findings suggest that RCFB can be used as a promising chelating eluent for bioremediation of contaminated soils by metallic species. This research is innovative due to the sustainable, economical and rapid process of obtaining the biosurfactant, emerging as an ecological alternative to chemical surfactants, which can be toxic and persistent in the environment. In addition, the application of free broth avoids the use of toxic solvents associated with the extraction and purification process of the biosurfactant, making it a more sustainable and economical choice.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Application of Rhamnolipid-Cell Free Broth in Remediation of Soil Contaminated with Potentially Toxic Metals: A Study of Metal Contaminant Adsorption

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月30日

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  • Gislene S. Souza,
  • Joane A. Alves,
  • Emanuele P. Lima,
  • Lucas M. S. Pimentel,
  • Giulian C. S. Sá,
  • Charlie G. Gomes,
  • Emilly C. Silva,
  • Sidnei C. Santos

摘要

Industrial growth and anthropogenic activities have resulted in the improper release of toxic substances, such as potentially hazardous metallic species into the soil and disrupting the trophic chain. To address this pressing issue, this research has focused on developing environmentally friendly methodologies for soil remediation. This study investigated the efficacy of rhamnolipid cell-free broth (RCFB), derived from the production by the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa BM02, in removing Cd2+, Ni2+, and Cr2+ species from contaminated soil. Furthermore, there is the novelty of applying soil washing with unpurified biosurfactant, making the process much more economical and sustainable. The RCFB was optimized using a central composite design (CCD) with a 24 × 2 factorial arrangement, evaluating independent variables such as concentration of magnesium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, and andiroba (Carapa guianensis Aublet) biomass waste, along with incubation time. Characterization of the functional groups and surfactant properties of RCFB was conducted, and the theoretical maximum adsorption capacities of RCFB for Cd2+, Ni2+, and Cr2+ were 149.2 ± 0.10 mg/Kg, 120.1 ± 0.14 mg/Kg and 118.13 ± 0.12 mg/Kg, respectively. The removal process followed in accordance with the pseudo first order model and, according to the observed data, a satisfactory fit of the adsorption results to the Langmuir model was obtained for all metal ions. These findings suggest that RCFB can be used as a promising chelating eluent for bioremediation of contaminated soils by metallic species. This research is innovative due to the sustainable, economical and rapid process of obtaining the biosurfactant, emerging as an ecological alternative to chemical surfactants, which can be toxic and persistent in the environment. In addition, the application of free broth avoids the use of toxic solvents associated with the extraction and purification process of the biosurfactant, making it a more sustainable and economical choice.

Graphical Abstract