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<p>This study aimed to evaluate and compare the ecotoxicity of effluent from two WWTPs that use different biological technologies to treat the sewage: i) anaerobic treatment (ANA), and ii) aerobic treatment (AER) as the main system operation, using <i>A. cepa</i> as test organism. The samples were analyzed for their cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic potentials. It was found that influent of the both WWTPs exhibited cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic indicators comparable to the positive control, which was conducted using the herbicide Trifuralin. The treated sewage from both WWTPs met the release standards for COD (chemical oxygen demand), under 250.0&#xa0;mg/L, and NH<sub>4</sub>-N, under 20.0 N mg/L, required by current legislation for industrial effluent. The results indicated that effluent from AER presented 11.5 ± 0.5% of mitotic index (MI), 0.3 ± 0.5% of chromosomal aberrations (CAI) and 0% of mutagenicity (Muti), these results are statistically equal to the negative control treatment, conducted with distilled water. The effluent from WWTP ANA showed 10.7% of MI, statistically lower than the negative control, 0.4 ± 0.1% of CAI and 0% Muti, statistically equal to that presented by the negative control. It was concluded that both aerobic and anaerobic biologic technologies were effective in meeting the discharge standards established by legislation and in reducing the ecotoxicological potential of sanitary sewage, highlighting the importance of wastewater treatment in the prevention of diseases and environmental damage.</p>

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Use of Allium Cepa Test in the Ecotoxicological Evaluation of Sanitary Sewage at Different Stages of Treatment in Two Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月16日

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  • Thaíse Camargo da Silva,
  • Kelly Geronazzo Martins,
  • Eliane Carvalho de Vasconcelos,
  • Bárbara Zanicotti Leite,
  • Tatiane Martins de Assis,
  • Ana Cláudia Barana

摘要

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the ecotoxicity of effluent from two WWTPs that use different biological technologies to treat the sewage: i) anaerobic treatment (ANA), and ii) aerobic treatment (AER) as the main system operation, using A. cepa as test organism. The samples were analyzed for their cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic potentials. It was found that influent of the both WWTPs exhibited cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic indicators comparable to the positive control, which was conducted using the herbicide Trifuralin. The treated sewage from both WWTPs met the release standards for COD (chemical oxygen demand), under 250.0 mg/L, and NH4-N, under 20.0 N mg/L, required by current legislation for industrial effluent. The results indicated that effluent from AER presented 11.5 ± 0.5% of mitotic index (MI), 0.3 ± 0.5% of chromosomal aberrations (CAI) and 0% of mutagenicity (Muti), these results are statistically equal to the negative control treatment, conducted with distilled water. The effluent from WWTP ANA showed 10.7% of MI, statistically lower than the negative control, 0.4 ± 0.1% of CAI and 0% Muti, statistically equal to that presented by the negative control. It was concluded that both aerobic and anaerobic biologic technologies were effective in meeting the discharge standards established by legislation and in reducing the ecotoxicological potential of sanitary sewage, highlighting the importance of wastewater treatment in the prevention of diseases and environmental damage.