Comparison of Various Low-cost Household Drinking Water Treatment Filters, Mechanisms and Applications: A Review
摘要
Access to clean drinking water is a key objective of the United Nations'Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), adopted in 2015. Achieving this target by 2030 necessitates various approaches to ensure adequate drinking water facilities, especially in rural areas prone to water scarcity. In this context, the development of self-reliant household drinking water facilities is gaining traction as a cost-effective and immediate solution for providing clean and safe drinking water. These facilities are essential due to the presence of hazardous contaminants such as dirt, bacteria, viruses, pathogens, and emerging organic as well as inorganic pollutants that result from the improper disposal of wastewater into natural streams, posing significant health risks with prolonged exposure. This review examines the different types of household drinking water filters currently in use and their modifications aimed at removing specific contaminants. It highlights their significance as sustainable solutions, emphasizing mitigation strategies that employ eco-friendly and cost-effective materials. Furthermore, the review elaborates on the potential removal efficiencies of these filters, demonstrating their effectiveness as point-of-use (POU) treatment solutions.