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<p>Industrial wastewater discharges often contain heavy metals (HMs), posing significant environmental and ecological risks. Phycoremediation has emerged as a cost-effective technology for the removal of HMs from industrial wastewater using algae. However, the utilization of two distinct freshwater algal species, <i>Spirogyra Splendida</i> and <i>Spirogyra Circumlineata</i>, were found sufficient for the removal of heavy metals including (Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), and Nickel (Ni) from industrial wastewater. A two-week batch adsorption experiment was conducted to evaluate the uptake of heavy metals by <i>S. Splendida</i> and <i>S. Circumlineata&#xa0;</i>from industrial wastewater. After 3 and 9 days, the removal efficiency of heavy metals exhibited a significant increase, with <i>S. splendida</i> increasing from 46.47% to 65.29%, while <i>S. circumlineata</i> from 40% to 56.47%. <i>S. splendida</i> reduced HMs concentration from 11.0 mg/L to 3.82–4.35 mg/L, while <i>S. circumlineata</i> decreased HMs concentration from 11.0 to 4.19–4.95 mg/L." respectively. The analysis of biosorption process followed by&#xa0;a pseudo-second-order kinetic model with a linear regression coefficient (R<sup>2</sup>) greater than 0.99, indicating that this model precisely describes the adsorbent behavior for both algae species. Furthermore, the adsorption capacity of various HMs was calculated using Langmuir model, with the best fitting data as evidenced by R<sup>2</sup> values of 0.92 and 0.90 for <i>S. splendida</i> and <i>S. circumlineata</i>, respectively. This study provides new insights into the adsorption behavior, offering guidance and support for enhancing the efficiency of algal application and addressing HMs pollution remediation in aqueous solutions.</p>

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Heavy Metal Uptake by Spirogyra splendida and Spirogyra circumlineata: A Sustainable Approach to Industrial Wastewater Remediation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月11日

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  • Sadam Khan,
  • Yuanren Jiang,
  • Siqi Shen,
  • Muhammad Riaz,
  • Muhammad Tariq,
  • Zhenxin Li,
  • Rafiq Ahmad,
  • Sidra Sohail,
  • Nazim Hassan

摘要

Industrial wastewater discharges often contain heavy metals (HMs), posing significant environmental and ecological risks. Phycoremediation has emerged as a cost-effective technology for the removal of HMs from industrial wastewater using algae. However, the utilization of two distinct freshwater algal species, Spirogyra Splendida and Spirogyra Circumlineata, were found sufficient for the removal of heavy metals including (Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), and Nickel (Ni) from industrial wastewater. A two-week batch adsorption experiment was conducted to evaluate the uptake of heavy metals by S. Splendida and S. Circumlineata from industrial wastewater. After 3 and 9 days, the removal efficiency of heavy metals exhibited a significant increase, with S. splendida increasing from 46.47% to 65.29%, while S. circumlineata from 40% to 56.47%. S. splendida reduced HMs concentration from 11.0 mg/L to 3.82–4.35 mg/L, while S. circumlineata decreased HMs concentration from 11.0 to 4.19–4.95 mg/L." respectively. The analysis of biosorption process followed by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model with a linear regression coefficient (R2) greater than 0.99, indicating that this model precisely describes the adsorbent behavior for both algae species. Furthermore, the adsorption capacity of various HMs was calculated using Langmuir model, with the best fitting data as evidenced by R2 values of 0.92 and 0.90 for S. splendida and S. circumlineata, respectively. This study provides new insights into the adsorption behavior, offering guidance and support for enhancing the efficiency of algal application and addressing HMs pollution remediation in aqueous solutions.