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<p>Presence of azo dyes in industrial wastewater is an environmental and health hazard. The available removal methods generally are high cost and difficult to operate. This study optimizes Reactive Black 5 (RB5) adsorption process using polyurethane sponge containing sodium alginate and TiO<sub>2</sub> NPs (PSAT). The results show that Langmuir isotherm (R<sup>2</sup>-0.999) was best fitted isotherm and Elovich (R<sup>2</sup>-0.99) was the best fit kinetic model. The Central Composite Design (CCD) assessment guided by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) modelling was used to optimize variables (pH, initial dye concentration, and contact time) for dye removal. The ANOVA analysis of the results from 17 experiments suggested by RSM shows that all three parameters significantly affect the dye adsorption capacity. Under optimal set of condition (pH 7, initial dye concentration of 102.5&#xa0;mg/L, and a contact time of 255&#xa0;min) a maximum removal of 59.61 ± 2.26% was predicted by RSM, which in our experiment was found to 59.32 ± 2.36%. The R<sup>2</sup> value (0.99) of quadratic correlation established to calculate the optimum conditions were in good agreement with the adjusted R<sup>2</sup> (0.98). The adsorbent was thoroughly studied using TEM, SEM with EDS, and FTIR. It is concluded that PSAT can be used as a low-cost, and easy to use adsorbent for the removal of azo dyes from small scale industry wastewater.</p>

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Empirical Modelling based Optimization of Azo-dye Adsorption by Polyurethane Sponge Containing Sodium Alginate-TiO2-NPs for Small Scale Industry

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月24日

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  • Jamjam Waqeel,
  • Shams Tabrez Khan

摘要

Presence of azo dyes in industrial wastewater is an environmental and health hazard. The available removal methods generally are high cost and difficult to operate. This study optimizes Reactive Black 5 (RB5) adsorption process using polyurethane sponge containing sodium alginate and TiO2 NPs (PSAT). The results show that Langmuir isotherm (R2-0.999) was best fitted isotherm and Elovich (R2-0.99) was the best fit kinetic model. The Central Composite Design (CCD) assessment guided by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) modelling was used to optimize variables (pH, initial dye concentration, and contact time) for dye removal. The ANOVA analysis of the results from 17 experiments suggested by RSM shows that all three parameters significantly affect the dye adsorption capacity. Under optimal set of condition (pH 7, initial dye concentration of 102.5 mg/L, and a contact time of 255 min) a maximum removal of 59.61 ± 2.26% was predicted by RSM, which in our experiment was found to 59.32 ± 2.36%. The R2 value (0.99) of quadratic correlation established to calculate the optimum conditions were in good agreement with the adjusted R2 (0.98). The adsorbent was thoroughly studied using TEM, SEM with EDS, and FTIR. It is concluded that PSAT can be used as a low-cost, and easy to use adsorbent for the removal of azo dyes from small scale industry wastewater.