Analyzing the Impact of Climate Data Using Geospatial Techniques on Land Use and Land Cover Changes in the Kaveri River Basin, Manmangalam Taluk, Karur District, Tamil Nadu

Knowledge of variations in climate, changes, and forecasts is critical for improved water utilization and development in a region. Because the water reserves of the Kaveri River basin in Manmangalam Taluk, Karur District, are extremely susceptible to a shifting climate, the current study utilized 31 years of information on climate data, including the earth’s surface skin temperature (EST), temperature, and precipitation, and also analyzed human disturbance score (HDS) that impacts land use and land cover shifts. The HDS scores of water bodies are further graded and categorized into low, middle, and high impacts by the method (Gernes & Helgen, 2002) with slight modification. Here is a statistically not significant but positive correlation between the year and earth’s skin temperatures (r = .152, N = 27, p > .001). Temperature and year exhibit a substantial, positive link (r = .255, N = 27, p > .001) and were statistically connected. The association between the year and precipitation was non-significant and positive (r = .064, N = 27, p > .001). Also, the relationship between years and human disturbance score levels was shown to be significantly positive (r = .953, N = 27, p > 001). HDS values are classified into three types. The minimum ranges from 34 to 75. The least impacted (LI) was 7.40% from 1995 to 1997, the most impacted (MI) was 51.85% from 1997 to 2010, and the most impacted (HI) is presently 40.74% because nearby counties gained a substantial number of people following the economic developments, resulting in an abrupt shift in its LULC pattern. Also, the purpose of this investigation is to examine the shifts in LULC from 2004 to 2022 by using QGIS software. The findings reveal major shifts, with a constant increase in urban areas and open/fallow areas and a decline in cropland and vegetation. Throughout the research span, the residential area expanded by 15.24% and open land grew by 3.94%, whereas farming surfaces were reduced. The reduction of agricultural land for cultivation and plant cover has significantly contributed to the growth of built-up areas, while urban sprawl has replaced foliage, ridges, and farms.