A Critical Review of Remote Sensing Methods for Inland Water Quality Monitoring: Progress, Limitations, and Future Perspectives

Pollution of water has emerged as one of the most important problems endangering aquatic ecosystems, water as a resource, and human health in recent years. Monitoring the water quality of inland water bodies dynamically and precisely is essential for taking the most effective and urgent steps. The geospatial approach can lessen the amount of work that has to be done in the field and in the laboratory to assess and map the current state of the water quality over a broad range of various scales (spatial and temporal). This investigation sheds light on critical methods for assessing and monitoring water quality, offering valuable insights that can benefit researchers, environmentalists, policymakers, and professionals in related fields. As discussed in this article, the application of multispectral remote sensing presents a powerful and efficient approach to gathering essential water quality data. By applying the knowledge and techniques outlined in this article, others can contribute to the protection and sustainable management of water bodies, helping to address the critical issue of water pollution and its impact on ecosystems and human health.