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<p>Flash droughts, characterized by rapid onset and intense desiccation, pose severe threats to terrestrial carbon assimilation. However, current identification methods are often constrained to static two-dimensional domains, which fragment the spatiotemporal continuity of drought evolution. In addition, ecological impact assessments mainly focus on aggregated carbon losses, overlooking stage-specific physiological responses across ecosystems. To address these limitations, this study proposes a novel voxel-based three-dimensional tracking framework driven by an optimized simplified Standardized Evaporative Stress Ratio (sSESR) to precisely track flash drought evolution and its impacts on Gross Primary Productivity (GPP). The framework identified 26 independent flash drought events, mainly occurring during the growing season from June to September. Spatially, events occurred most frequently in the southeast but persisted longest in the northwest, with dominant migration trajectories from northeast to southwest. Ecosystem vulnerability showed strong spatial heterogeneity, with a mean GPP response duration of 20 days and an average response frequency of 68%. The northwestern region exhibited the highest sensitivity. During the 2017 flash drought on the Jiaodong Peninsula, GPP anomalies of cropland and forestland showed an “inverted S” pattern, with significant increases during the Lag-1 stage, likely related to rapid increases in temperature and radiation. However, cropland GPP responded more strongly than forestland, indicating greater vulnerability of agroecosystems due to differences in vegetation functional limits and soil properties. These findings improve understanding of flash drought evolution and provide useful support for agricultural water management and early warning.</p>

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Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Flash Drought and Ecosystem Sensitivity in Coastal Zones: Implications for Agricultural Water Resources Management

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月15日

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  • Chuan-hao Yang,
  • Xin Li,
  • Cui-fang Zhang,
  • Jin Zhang,
  • Qi-peng Zhang,
  • Qian Wang

摘要

Flash droughts, characterized by rapid onset and intense desiccation, pose severe threats to terrestrial carbon assimilation. However, current identification methods are often constrained to static two-dimensional domains, which fragment the spatiotemporal continuity of drought evolution. In addition, ecological impact assessments mainly focus on aggregated carbon losses, overlooking stage-specific physiological responses across ecosystems. To address these limitations, this study proposes a novel voxel-based three-dimensional tracking framework driven by an optimized simplified Standardized Evaporative Stress Ratio (sSESR) to precisely track flash drought evolution and its impacts on Gross Primary Productivity (GPP). The framework identified 26 independent flash drought events, mainly occurring during the growing season from June to September. Spatially, events occurred most frequently in the southeast but persisted longest in the northwest, with dominant migration trajectories from northeast to southwest. Ecosystem vulnerability showed strong spatial heterogeneity, with a mean GPP response duration of 20 days and an average response frequency of 68%. The northwestern region exhibited the highest sensitivity. During the 2017 flash drought on the Jiaodong Peninsula, GPP anomalies of cropland and forestland showed an “inverted S” pattern, with significant increases during the Lag-1 stage, likely related to rapid increases in temperature and radiation. However, cropland GPP responded more strongly than forestland, indicating greater vulnerability of agroecosystems due to differences in vegetation functional limits and soil properties. These findings improve understanding of flash drought evolution and provide useful support for agricultural water management and early warning.