<p>This study examines the key factors hindering the adoption of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in wastewater treatment plant projects. Despite the growing importance of BIM in infrastructure development, its application in the water sector remains limited and fragmented. To address this gap, a quantitative research approach was employed, utilizing a structured questionnaire distributed to professionals in the water and construction sectors. The collected data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to assess the relationships between The gathered data were examined using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to evaluate the relationships among variable five key elements: personnel, coordination, regulations, task-related factors, and economic factors.The results revealed that task-related factors have the strongest and most significant impact on BIM adoption, followed by coordination and economic factors, which exhibit moderate effects. In contrast, personnel and regulations have weaker but statistically significant effects. These findings suggest that operational efficiency, workflow integration, and inter-organizational coordination are more important than traditional and widespread barriers such as cost and regulatory constraints in driving BIM implementation in wastewater treatment plant projects.</p>