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<p>To advance the Sustainable Development Goals, this paper incorporates energy and food security indicators into the efficiency measurement of the water-energy-food (WEF) nexus system. Based on panel data from 30 Chinese provinces from 2011 to 2021, a dynamic series-parallel DEA model is constructed, treating water as a common input and decomposing the energy and food subsystems into production and sustainable utilization stages. The empirical results indicate that the average overall efficiency of the WEF nexus system is 0.76 and remains relatively stable over the study period. The energy subsystem efficiency shows an upward trend, while the food subsystem performs more stably and efficiently. Across Chinese provinces, the spatial equilibrium of WEF nexus efficiency increases from the northwest and northeast toward the southeast, with higher values in the south and east and lower values in the north and west. The findings suggest integrating security indicators into efficiency assessments and accounting for regional disparities in policymaking to enhance resource utilization efficiency and sustainable development.</p>

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Integrating the Indexes of Energy and Food Security into the Measurement of Water-Energy-Food Nexus Efficiency Towards SDGs

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月28日

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  • Lina Zhang,
  • Chenyu Sun,
  • Liyin Zhang,
  • Yung-ho Chiu,
  • Haolin Yang,
  • Qinghua Pang,
  • Zhen Shi

摘要

To advance the Sustainable Development Goals, this paper incorporates energy and food security indicators into the efficiency measurement of the water-energy-food (WEF) nexus system. Based on panel data from 30 Chinese provinces from 2011 to 2021, a dynamic series-parallel DEA model is constructed, treating water as a common input and decomposing the energy and food subsystems into production and sustainable utilization stages. The empirical results indicate that the average overall efficiency of the WEF nexus system is 0.76 and remains relatively stable over the study period. The energy subsystem efficiency shows an upward trend, while the food subsystem performs more stably and efficiently. Across Chinese provinces, the spatial equilibrium of WEF nexus efficiency increases from the northwest and northeast toward the southeast, with higher values in the south and east and lower values in the north and west. The findings suggest integrating security indicators into efficiency assessments and accounting for regional disparities in policymaking to enhance resource utilization efficiency and sustainable development.